摘要目的:分析健康体检人群健康认知、饮食方式及健康水平之间的相互关系。方法:本研究为横断面研究，选取2022年在中南大学湘雅三医院参加健康体检的55 339例受检者为研究对象，采用探索性因素分析进行饮食方式分类，方差成分分析法验证问卷效度，可靠性分析进行问卷信度检验。计量资料采用方差分析，计数资料采用卡方检验，同时构建居民健康认知结构方程模型，分析健康认知、饮食方式与健康水平之间相互关系。结果:男性健康认知水平显著高于女性（19.40±2.96 比 19.26±2.96分， F=34.11， P<0.001），≥50岁组在各年龄段人群中健康认知水平最高为19.89±3.17分（ F=434.93， P<0.001），超重人群健康认知水平高于其他组人群为19.53±2.95（ F=84.09， P<0.001）；男性心理健康评估结果显著优于女性（11.98±3.79比12.76±4.21分， F=521.07， P<0.001），而女性身体健康指标总体优于男性；心理健康指标评估≥50岁组最好，为11.13±3.26分（ F=1 053.30， P<0.001）；超重组心理健康评估结果最好，体重指数偏低居民心理健康评估结果最差（12.04±3.84 比 13.31±4.38分， F=104.05， P<0.001）。结构方程模型发现，健康体检人群健康认知对其健康水平的总效用为0.66；同时，饮食方式在健康认知和健康水平之间存在部分中介作用，健康认知对饮食方式的直接效用0.31，饮食方式对健康水平的直接效用0.61。 结论:健康体检人群健康认知对健康水平既有直接效应，也有间接效应。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the relationship among health cognition, dietary habits and health levels in population receiving health examinations.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 55 339 subjects who underwent the health examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in 2022. Exploratory factor analysis was used to classify dietary patterns, variance component analysis was employed to validate the questionnaire′s validity, and reliability analysis was conducted to test the questionnaire′s reliability. For continuous data, analysis of variance was used, while chi-square tests were applied for categorical data. Furthermore, a structural equation model for health cognition was constructed to analyze the interrelationships between health cognition, dietary patterns and health levels in the subjects.Results:The health cognition level of men was significantly higher than that of women (19.40±2.96 vs 19.26±2.96, F=34.11, P<0.001). The health cognition level of people aged≥50 years was 19.89±3.17, the highest among all age groups ( F=434.93, P<0.001). The health cognition level of overweight people was 19.53±2.95, higher than that of other weight groups ( F=84.09, P<0.001). The mental health assessment results in men were significantly better than that in women (11.98±3.79 vs 12.76±4.21, F=521.07, P<0.001), women generally had better health indicators than men. Participants aged 50 years and above had the best mental health indicator assessments, scored 11.13±3.26 ( F=1 053.30, P<0.001). And the mental health indicator assessments in overweight people was the best, while it was the worst in subjects with lower body mass index (12.04±3.84 vs 13.31±4.38, F=104.05, P<0.001). According to the structural equation model, the overall effect of health cognition on the health level of the population undergoing health examinations was 0.66. At the same time, there was a partial intermediary effect between health cognition and health level, the direct effect of health cognition on dietary patterns was 0.31, and the direct effect of dietary patterns on health level was 0.61. Conclusion:Health cognition has both direct and indirect effects on the health status in population receiving health examinations.