摘要目的 探讨上海市学龄前儿童反应性和主动性攻击行为的发生情况,及其与父母教养行为等家庭因素的关系.方法 以分层整群抽样的方法,采用攻击行为-教师核查表、父母行为量表和一般情况问卷针对上海市10所幼儿园l 234名学龄前儿童进行调查.将所有资料进行编码后输入Epidata3.1数据库,运用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析.采用频数、百分比、均值和标准差描述儿童一般情况、攻击行为状况、家庭环境特征以及父母教养方式,采用t检验、方差分析、多元线性回归分析等分析家庭特征、父母教养方式与儿童的反应性攻击和主动性攻击之间的关系.结果 学龄前儿童反应性攻击均分[(2.12±0.93)分]高于主动性攻击均分[(1.39±0.68)分],反应性攻击和主动性攻击之间的相关系数为0.683(P ＜0.01);父母敌意/强制的教养行为与儿童的反应性攻击和主动性攻击行为呈正相关(r =0.163、0.123,均P＜0.01),父母支持/参与的教养行为与儿童的反应性攻击和主动性攻击行为呈负相关(r=-0.066、-0.076,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).线性回归分析显示,父母的敌意/强制教养行为、男孩、母亲年龄小、母亲文化程度低是儿童反应性攻击的主要危险因素(均P＜0.01),而父母的敌意/强制教养行为、男孩、母亲年龄小、父亲文化程度低是儿童主动性攻击的主要危险因素(均P＜0.01).结论 学龄前儿童的反应性攻击行为明显多于主动性攻击行为,二者具有显著相关性.男孩两种类型的攻击行为均显著多于女孩.父母教养行为等家庭因素与学龄前儿童攻击行为的发生及发生类型密切相关,应根据儿童的攻击行为类型及其相关的危险因素采取相应的家庭干预.

abstractsObjective To investigate the occurrence status of reactive aggression and proactive aggression among preschool children in Shanghai,and explore the relationship between children's aggressive behavior and family factors such as parental caregiving and supervision.Methods In this investigation,1 234 preschool children in 10 kindergartens of Shanghai were rated by their teachers and parents using the Aggressive Behavior-Teacher's Checklist,Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI) and a general questionnaire.General information and status of aggressive behavior of the children,environmental characteristics of the families and manners of parental involvement,including supervision and caregiving were described by frequency,percentage,mean value and standard deviation.The relations among family characteristics,parenting styles and children's reactive and proactive aggression were analyzed by t test,variance analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results Mean scores of reactive aggression and proactive aggression among preschool children were 2.12 ± 0.93 and 1.39 ± 0.68,respectively.The score of reactive aggression was correlated to the score of proactive aggression significantly (r =0.683,P ＜ 0.01).Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlation existed between the scores of hostile/coercive parenting practices and reactive aggression (r =0.163,0.123,P ＜ 0.01) ; and significant negative correlation existed between the scores of supportive/participatory parenting practices and reactive and proactive aggression (r =-0.066,-0.076,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Linear regression analysis indicated that hostile/coercive parenting practices,boys,younger mothers and lower education level of mothers were risk factors for reactive aggression (P ＜ 0.01),while hostile/coercive parenting practices,boys,younger mothers and lower education level of fathers were risk factors for proactive aggression in preschool children (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Parenting practices may be closely related to the occurrence and types of preschool children's aggressive behavior.Therefore family intervention measures should be provided based on the type of aggression and its related risk factors.