摘要目的:观察神经节苷脂（ganglioside，GM1）对慢性酒精中毒小鼠海马组织Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平的影响。方法:将40只雄性Balb/c小鼠采用随机区组分组法分为慢性酒精中毒组、对照组、低剂量GM1治疗组、高剂量GM1治疗组，每组10只；慢性酒精中毒组采用酒精灌胃法建立慢性酒精中毒小鼠模型（酒精水溶液浓度逐渐从5%增加至35%)，对照组使用等量生理盐水灌胃，低、高剂量治疗组在酒精灌胃后分别给予GM1（每天10、30 mg/kg）腹腔注射。于灌胃4周后进行酒精偏好实验测试及行为学测试，蛋白质印迹法测定4组小鼠海马组织Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，两两比较采用Bonferroni法。结果:4组酒水消耗率差异有统计学意义（ F=630.83， P<0.05），对照组（18.9%±2.2%）和高剂量GMI治疗组（50.9%±3.2%）酒水消耗率低于慢性中毒组（56.5%±3.0%）。行为学测试结果显示4组悬尾试验累积不动时间（ F=379.52）、避暗实验进入暗室潜伏期（ F=7 001.18）和进入暗室错误次数（ F=33.87）以及疲劳转棒实验小鼠跌落时间（ F=305.06）差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05)，且慢性酒精中毒组行为学测试结果均低于对照组，而高剂量GM1治疗组优于慢性酒精中毒组，差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。蛋白质印迹法示，4组Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平差异均有统计学意义（ F=12.42、14.07、242.37，均 P<0.05）。与慢性酒精中毒组相比，对照组和高剂量GM1治疗组海马组织Caspase-3蛋白和Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低（ P<0.05），而Bcl-2蛋白在对照组、高剂量GM1治疗组、低剂量GM1治疗组海马区的表达水平显著高于慢性酒精中毒组（ P<0.05）。 结论:GM1可以下调慢性酒精中毒小鼠海马组织Caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达水平，提高Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平。

abstractsObjective:To observe the effect of ganglioside (GM1) on the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in hippocampus of mice with chronic alcoholism.Methods:Forty male Balb/c mice were randomly allocated into chronic alcoholism group ( n=10), control group ( n=10), low dose GM1 treatment group ( n=10) and high dose GM1 treatment group ( n=10). The mouse model of chronic alcoholism was established by intragastric administration of alcohol in the chronic alcoholism group (the concentration of alcohol solution gradually increased from 5% to 35%), mice in the control group were given the same amount of normal saline, while those in the low and high dose treatment groups were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1 (10, 30 mg/kg per day) after intragastric administration of alcohol. Four weeks after oral administration, alcohol preference test and behavior test were performed to determine the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in hippocampus. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups, and Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparison. Results:There were significant differences of alcohol consumption rate among the four groups ( F=630.83， P<0.05).The consumption rate of control group (18.9%±2.2%) and high dose GM1 treatment group (50.9%±3.2%) was lower than that of chronic alcoholism group (56.5%±3.0%).Similarly, there were also significant differences of behavior test result among the four groups ( F=379.52, 7001.18, 33.87, 305.06, all P<0.05). The results in chronic alcoholism group were lower than that of control group, and high dose GM1 treatment group were better than those in chronic alcoholism group ( P<0.05). Results of Western Blot showed that there were significant differences in the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins among the four groups ( F=12.42, 14.07, 242.37, all P<0.05). Compared to chronic alcoholism group, the expression of Caspase-3 protein and Bax protein in hippocampus of control group and high dose GM1 treatment group decreased significantly, while the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in hippocampus of control group, high dose GM1 treatment group and low dose GM1 treatment group was significantly higher than that of chronic alcohol intoxication group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Gangliosides can decrease the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax protein in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholism mice, and increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein.