摘要原发于颞下颌关节区的软骨和巨细胞相关肿瘤性病变存在相似的临床、影像学和病理学表现，因此，这些疾病的诊断具有不同程度的挑战性。诊断结果可影响治疗程序，明确的病理诊断对这些疾病的预后有重要意义。本文针对发生于颞下颌关节的滑膜软骨瘤病、肿瘤样焦磷酸钙沉积症、软骨母细胞瘤和色素性绒毛结节性滑膜炎4种较少见的软骨和巨细胞相关肿瘤及瘤样病变，结合临床特点与组织学表现探讨其病理诊断与鉴别要点，以期为临床治疗提供依据。

abstractsCartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.