摘要核苷和核苷酸类药物（ NAs）已成功用于慢性乙型肝炎（ CHB）治疗。目前一致认为，乙型肝炎病毒（ HBV）复制是肝损伤和疾病进展的关键因素，因此CHB治疗的主要目的是最大限度地持续抑制HBV复制。现已证明，应用NAs长期治疗CHB可明显改善肝脏组织学、逆转肝纤维化或肝硬化，以及减少肝细胞癌的发生。该文对CHB长期治疗的必要性、临床获益及管理进行了综述。

abstractsNucleos ( t ) ide analogs ( NAs ) have been successfully used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) replication is now recognized as the key driver of liver injury and disease progression, so the primary aim of treatment for chronic HBV infection is to maximize sustained suppression of HBV replication to undetectable levels.The long-term treatment has also been shown to achieve substantial histological improvement and regression of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and reduction of hepatocellular carcinoma.This paper has reviewed the necessity, clinical benefits, and the management of long-term treatment for chronic hepatitis B.