摘要寨卡病毒于1947年首次在乌干达森林中一只罗猴体内分离出而命名。1954年尼日利亚首先证实了人类感染寨卡病毒，但发病率很低。自2014年在西半球发现寨卡病毒感染病例后，2015年4月以来该病毒迅速扩散至美洲、加勒比地区及太平洋岛国共30多个国家，将近400万病例，引起全世界的不安。虽然寨卡病毒病的临床表现较轻，绝大多数为自限性，但是该病毒对宿主具有较强的嗜神经性。早期妊娠妇女感染后，病毒会通过胎盘传染给胎儿，造成胎儿大脑发育障碍，出现小头畸形症及眼底黄斑区视神经异常。少数感染者可能出现吉兰-巴雷综合征。寨卡病毒主要通过伊蚊叮咬传播，目前尚无该病毒疫苗，预防工作存在一定难度。该文对寨卡病毒感染人类的最近研究进展，包括病毒特性、流行概况及临床表现等作了重点阐述。

abstractsZika virus was named after the Ugandan forest where it was first isolated in a rhesus monkey in 1947, and the first confirmed human case was reported in 1954 in Nigeria.The incidence of Zika virus disease is very low.In the year 2014, Zika virus infection appeared in the Western hemisphere, and then the virus rapidly spread to Americas, Caribbean and Pacific island countries.Currently more than 30 countries have reported Zika virus infection, and officials estimate there will be 4 million Zika infections. Zika virus disease is a self-limited disease with mild symptoms, however, Zika virus is neuroinvasive.It can be transmitted to infants from mothers who infected in the early months of pregnancy, and may cause microcephaly, retinae macula and optic nerve abnormalities.Guillain-Barré syndrome is also found as a complication of Zika virus infection in some cases.Zika virus is mainly transmitted by aedes mosquito, and no vaccine is available at present, so the prevention of its infection is difficult.This paper reviews the research progress of Zika virus infection, including virus characteristics, epidemiology and clinical feature of Zika infection in human.