摘要目的 了解电镀企业铬污染现状和工人铬接触情况,寻找有效的铬接触生物标记物,为铬污染的防治提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方式抽取杭州市25家使用6价铬的电镀企业,进行职业卫生现场调查和空气中铬浓度检测,并对157名铬接触工人和93名非接触工人进行健康调查和体内红细胞中铬含量检测.结果 车间空气中6价铬短时间接触浓度中位数为0.06 mg/m3,范围0.01(检出限)～0.53 mg/m3,合格率89.4％;其中超标岗位均为电镀岗位,中位数0.10 mg/m3,范围0.01(检出限)～0.53 mg/m3,合格率76.3％.铬接触工人红细胞内铬含量的中位数为4.41( 2.50～5.29) μg/L,显著高于对照人群[1.54 (0.61～2.98) μg/L,P＜0.01).按性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒分层后,除了小于30岁的人群(P=0.11),其余各层内两组间的差异都有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在接触工人中,吸烟者红细胞内铬含量[4.98(2.90～6.37) μg/L]明显高于不吸烟的人群[3.58( 2.25～4.40) μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 杭州市电镀作业环境中存在6价铬污染,电镀作业工人体内铬负荷显著高于对照人群.应降低作业环境中铬浓度,加强工人个体防护,降低6价铬对工人的危害.

abstractsObjective To investigate the pollution of hexavalent chromium in the electroplating workplace and screen the biomarkers of chromium exposure.Material Field occupational health investigation was conducted in 25 electroplating workplaces.157 electroplating workers and 93 healthy unexposed controls were recruited.The epidemiological information was collected with face to face interview.Chromium in erythrocytes was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results The median of short-term exposure concentration of chromium in the air at electroplating workplace was 0.06 mg/m3 (median) and ranging from 0.01 (detect limit) to 0.53 mg/m3).The median concentration of Cr (Ⅵ) in erythrocytes in electroplating workers was 4.41 (2.50～5.29) μg/L,which was significantly higher than that in control subjects [1.54 (0.61～2.98) μg/L,P＜0.01 ].After stratified by potential confounding factors such as gender,age,smoking status and alcohol consumption,significant differences still existed between electroplating workers and control subjects,except for the subjects of age less than 30 years old (P=0.11 ).Conclusion There was hexavalent chromium pollution in electroplating workplace.Occupational hazards prevention measures should be taken to control the chromium pollution hazards.