摘要目的 了解电子制造服务业(EMS)流水线员工的职业应激状况,初步探讨其影响因素.方法 于2015年6至10月,采用横断面调查的方法,以5 944名EMS流水线员工为观察组,其他岗位6 270名员工(非流水线工人和管理人员)为对照组,使用自行编制的基本信息问卷、工作要求-自主(J DC)模式问卷和付出-回报失衡(ERI)模式问卷收集调查对象的基本信息和职业应激状况.结果 观察组员工工作自主、社会支持、工作回报得分(2.72±0.63、3.64±0.68、4.06±0.80)均较对照组(3.00±0.67、3.83±0.68、4.24±0.75)低,差异均有统计学意义(t=23.53、15.41、12.70,均P＜0.05);观察组员工工作付出和内在投入得分(2.34±0.78和2.48±0.78)均高于对照组(2.21±0.80和2.33±0.77),差异均有统计学意义(t=-9.08、-10.90,均P＜0.05).观察组员工JDC模式职业应激比例(64.5％)和ERI模式职业应激比例(12.7％)均高于对照组(52.6％、9.9％),差异均有统计学意义(x2=182.26、23.41,均P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、外来务工人员、工作时间＞60 h／周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是JDC模式职业应激的主要危险因素(均P＜0.05);学历为本科及以上、工作时间＞60 h/周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是ERI模式职业应激的主要危险因素(均P＜0.05),而女性、月收入越高员工的ERI型职业应激发生风险降低(均P＜0.05).结论 EMS流水线员工为相对弱势群体,职业应激程度较高;工作时间＞60 h／周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是职业应激的主要危险因素.

abstractsObjective To investigate occupational stress in assembly line workers in electronics manufacturing service (EMS) and related influencing factors.Methods From June to October,2015,a crosssectional survey was performed for 5 944 assembly line workers in EMS (observation group) and 6 270 workers from other posts (non-assembly line workers and management personnel;control group) using the self-made questionnaire for basic information,job demand-control(JDC) model questionnaire,and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaire to collect respondents' basic information and occupational stress.Results The observation group had significantly lower work autonomy,social support,and work reward scores than the control group (2.72±0.63/3.64±0.68/4.06±0.80 vs 3.00±0.67/3.83±0.68/4.24±0.75,t=23.53,15.41,and 12.70,all P＜ 0.05),as well as significantly higher work effort and job involvement scores than the control group (2.34±0.78/ 2.48±0.78 vs 2.21±0.80/2.33±0.77,t=-9.08 and-10.90,both P＜0.05).The observation group had significantly higher proportions of workers with occupational stress determined by JDC and ERI models than the control group (64.5％/12.7％ vs 52.6％/9.9％,x2=182.26 and 23.41,both P＜0.05).Female sex,migrant workers,working time ＞60 hours/week,and sleeping time ＜7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in JDC model;education background of Bachelor's degree or above,working time ＞60 hours/week,and sleeping time＜ 7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in ERI model,while female sex and a high monthly income reduced the risk of occupational stress in ERI model.Conclusion Assembly line workers in EMS are a relatively vulnerable group and have a high degree of occupational stress.Working time ＞60 hours/week and sleeping time ＜7 hours/day are major risk factors for occupational stress.