摘要目的 探讨机车司机工作满意感的影响因素.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,于2012年3月对某铁路局机务段1413名(包括客车司机301名、货车司机683名、运调车司机350名和动车或高铁司机79名)男性机车司机进行了横断面调查;调查内容包括用职业应激测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等测试工人的工作满意感、职业应激因素、紧张反应、个体特征、应付策略和社会支持.结果 不同岗位、工龄、年龄、吸烟和饮酒状况组间工作满意感评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).相关分析表明,工作满意感与回报、工作稳定性、提升机会、正性情绪、社会支持、自尊感和应对策略呈正相关(P＜0.01),与睡眠障碍、外在付出、角色冲突、组间冲突、对人的责任、对事的责任、心理需求、生理需求、每日紧张感、负性情绪和抑郁症状呈负相关(P＜0.01).方差分析显示,工作满意感高组的回报、正性情绪、提升机会、角色模糊评分高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);工作满意感高组对事的责任、对人的责任评分低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).工作满意感低组的心理需求、付出、角色冲突、睡眠障碍、每日紧张感、抑郁症状、负性情感、药物使用、组内冲突和社会支持评分高于其他两组(P＜0.01);工作满意感中等组的自尊感的评分高于其他两组(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果表明,低社会支持、每日紧张感高者发生工作不满意感的风险是高社会支持、每日紧张感低者的2倍多(OR值=2.176,2.171),睡眠障碍、付出、抑郁症状、低自尊及角色冲突也是工作不满意感的危险因素(OR值=1.482～1.625).结论 职业应激、紧张反应、情感、个体特征和社会支持等均影响机车司机的工作满意感,提高社会支持、正性情感和降低职业应激均为提高机车司机工作满意感的主要措施.

abstractsObjective To investigate the influencing factors for job satisfaction in train drivers.Methods In March 2012,cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey in 1413 male train drivers (including 301 passenger train drivers,683 freight train drivers,350 passenger shunting train drivers,and 79 high-speed train drivers) from a locomotive depot of a railway bureau.The occupational stress instruments,job content questionnaire,and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire were used to analyze job satisfaction,occupational stress factors,stress reaction,individual characteristics,coping strategies,and social support.Results There were significant differences in job satisfaction score between the drivers with different posts,working years,ages,smoking status,and drinking status (P＜0.01).The correlation analysis revealed that job satisfaction score was positively correlated with reward,working stability,promotion opportunity,positive emotion,social support,self-esteem,and coping strategy scores (P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with sleep disorders,effort,role conflict,intergroup conflict,responsibility for persons,responsibility for things,psychological needs,physiological needs,daily stress,negative emotion,and depressive symptom scores (P＜0.01).The analysis of variance showed that compared with the moderate and low job satisfaction groups,the high job satisfaction group had significantly higher reward,positive emotion,promotion opportunity,and role ambiguity scores (P ＜0.01),as well as significantly lower scores of responsibility for persons and responsibility for things (P＜0.01).Compared with the moderate and high job satisfaction groups the low job satisfaction group had significantly higher scores of psychological needs,effort,role conflict,sleep disorders,daily stress,depressive symptom,negative emotion,drug use,intragroup conflict,and social support (P＜0.01),and the moderate job satisfaction group had a significantly higher score of self-esteem than the other two groups (P＜0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of job dissatisfaction in the drivers with low social support and high daily stress was more than 2 times that in those with high social support and low daily stress (OR=2.176 and 2.171),and sleep disorders,effort,depressive symptom,low self-esteem,and role conflict were risk factors for job dissatisfaction (OR =1.48-1.625).Conclusion Occupational stress,stress response,emotion,individual characteristics,and social support have great influence on job satisfaction.Improving social support,increasing positive emotion,and reducing occupational stress are main measures for increasing job satisfaction in train drivers.