摘要目的 了解宁波市2006至2015年职业病发病状况,分析职业病分布特征及发病趋势.方法于2016年2月,汇总宁波市2006至2015年职业病和职业卫生信息系统职业病报告卡数据,综合分析职业病构成、发病趋势、人群特征和企业特征等情况.结果宁波市2006至2015年新发职业病845例,其中尘肺病596例,占职业病总数的70.53%,I期尘肺445例(74.66%),II期尘肺73例(12.25%),III期尘肺78例(13.09%),尘肺病以矽肺为主(59.76%).职业病患者以男性为主(84.97%),年龄集中在35~55岁(64.50%),工龄主要分布在5~20年(63.67%).职业病患者所在企业以中小型私有(外商)企业为主;尘肺病患者行业分布主要是黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、 建筑业和非金属矿采选业,分别占总发病人数的38.76%、17.11%和13.09%;职业中毒患者行业分布前3位分别为电气机械和器材制造业、家具制造业以及化学原料和化学制品制造业,分别占总数的51.28%、10.26%和7.69%.确诊职业病病例主要分布在余姚市、鄞州区和宁海县,分别占24.62%、23.91%和15.62%.结论宁波市职业病以尘肺病为主,多来自于中小型企业,应加强对中小型私有企业的监管,切实保护劳动者健康.

abstractsObjective To investigate the incidence, distribution features, and incidence trend of occupational diseases in Ningbo, China, from 2006 to 2015. Methods In February 2016, the data on occupational disease report cards in the occupational disease and occupational health information system from 2006 to 2015 were collected to perform a comprehensive analysis of the types, incidence trend, population characteristics, and enterprise characteristics of occupational diseases. Results There were 845 new cases of occupational diseases in Ningbo from 2006 to 2015, among which 596 (70.53%) were pneumoconiosis; there were 445 (74.66%) cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis, 73 (12.25%) cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis, and 78 (13.09%) cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis;silicosis(59.76%) was the most common type of pneumoconiosis. Of all patients with occupational diseases, 84.97%were male, 64.50%were aged 35-55 years, and 63.67%had 5-20 working years. Most of the patients with occupational diseases worked in small and medium-sized private (or foreign) enterprises;the most common industries were black metal smelting and rolling (38.76%), construction (17.11%), and non-metallic ore mining (13.09%). A total of 51.28%, 10.26%, and 7.69%of the patients with occupational poisoning worked in the electric apparatus manufacturing industry, furniture manufacturing industry, and chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry, respectively. The cases of occupational diseases are mainly distributed in Yuyao City (24.62%), Yinzhou District (23.91%), and Ninghai County (15.62%). Conclusion Pneumoconiosis is the most common type of occupational disease in Ningbo and most of these patients work in small and medium-sized private (or foreign) enterprises. The supervision of small and medium-sized private enterprises should be enhanced to protect workers' health.