摘要目的 探讨某传染病医院护理人员职业暴露危害因素的原因及干预措施,为护理人员的职业防护提供依据.方法 回顾性分析某三级传染病医院2014年1月～2016年12月职业暴露上报资料,对职业暴露护士的工作年限、途径和暴露的生物因素种类进行分析.结果 医务人员共发生职业暴露184人,其中护理人员136人(占比73.91％);工作年限≤5年的护士和护理实习生最易发生职业暴露,分别占45.59％和35.29％;输液过程是职业暴露的主要途径(36.03％);输液后拔针处置不当是输液过程暴露的主要环节(59.18％).生物因素以HBV为主(63.24％).结论 该传染病医院护理人员操作不规范,防护意识不强,拔针后处置不当、安全评估不到位是职业暴露发生的主要原因;强化职业防护知识培训,落实标准预防,规范操作流程,可有效预防职业暴露的发生.

abstractsObjective To investigate the cause of occupational exposure among 136 nurses in a tertiary infectious disease hospital,and puts forward the prevention strategy.Methods A total of 136 nurses exposed to occupational exposure between 2014 and 2016 were included in the study.Analysis was conducted from the years of work of nurses,exposure routes,and the pathogens.Results The nurses suffer from the highest risk of occupational exposures (73.91％).Nurses working for less than 5 years and interns are most likely to suffer occupational exposure(45.59％ and 35.29％ respectively).Occupational exposure was mainly caused by needle injuries,in which infusion was the main route of occupational exposure (36.76％).The improper treatment of needle pulling after infusion is the main link of needle puncture (36.76％).Occupational exposure pathogens were mainly HBV (63.24％).Conclusion Nursing staff is the high-risk group of occupational exposure.Irregular operation,lack of awareness of protection,improper disposal after the needle withdrawal and poor safety assessment of the operating environment are the main causes of occupational exposure.It is suggested to strengthen the training of occupational safety and protection,enhance clinical nurses occupational safety protection consciousness,standardize medical operation,so as to prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure.