摘要目的 分析2011至2015年重庆市新发尘肺病病例的流行特征,为尘肺病防治政策的制定提供科学依据.方法 以2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日重庆市所有新确诊尘肺病病例数据建立数据库,用SPSS18.0软件进行描述性分析和趋势性检验.结果 (1)2011至2015年,重庆市新确诊尘肺病病例24 903例,壹期16 294例(65.43％),贰期6 520例(26.18％),叁期2 089例(8.39％).(2)煤工尘肺和矽肺占总病例数的98.93％,分别为13 383例(53.74％)和11 253例(45.19％).(3)2011至2015年重庆市尘肺病新发病例主要集中在渝东北地区和渝西地区,奉节县、永川区和城口县尘肺病新发病例数列前3位,分别为3 329例(13.37％)、2 849例(1 1.44％)、2 584例(10.38％).(4)尘肺病新发病例主要集中在采矿业(17 575例,70.57％)和建筑业(6613例,26.56％).(5)各类尘肺病新发病例的发病工龄中位数为7.0年,矽肺新发病例的发病工龄中位数为3.0年,煤工尘肺新发病例的发病工龄中位数为16.0年.(6)尘肺病发病年龄呈现缩短趋势,各类尘肺病新发病例的发病年龄中位数为53.0岁,矽肺新发病例的发病年龄中位数为62.0岁,煤工尘肺新发病例的发病年龄中位数为49.0岁.结论 重庆市尘肺病危害较为严重,新发尘肺病呈现明显的病种、地区、行业分布,发病工龄短,发病年龄逐年缩短,应根据尘肺病的流行特征,制定分类监督管理办法,重点加强采矿业、建筑业等行业尘肺病的防治工作.

abstractsObjective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the harmfulness situation of pneumoconiosis notified in Chongqing from 2011 to 2015,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.Methods The Chongqing database of new cases of pneumoconiosis reported from 2011 to 2015 was subjected to systematic arrangement.SPSS 18.0 was adopted for statistical description and trend test.Results From 2011 to 2015 a total of 24903 new cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed,including Ⅰ (16 294 cases,65.43％),Ⅱ (6 520 cases,26.18％),Ⅲ (2 089 cases,8.39％).Of all patients,98.93％ were cases of coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis.13 383 (53.74％) were coal-workers' pneumoconiosis cases,and 11 253(45.19％) were silicosis cases.The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in Fengjie County(3 329 cases,13.37％),Yongchuan District (2 849 cases,11.44％),and Chengkou County (2 584 cases,10.38％).Most cases were centered in mining industry (17 575 cases,70.57％) and construction industry (6 613 cases,26.56％).The median lengths of service at the onsets of new cases of pneumoconiosis,silicosis,coal-workers'pneumoconiosis were 7.0,3.0,and 16.0 years,respectively.The median age at the onset of pneumoconiosis was shortened from 2011 to 2015.The median ages at the onsets of new cases of pneumoconiosis,silicosis,coal-workers' pneumoconiosis were 53.0,62.0,and 49.0 years,respectively.Conclusion The research results showed obvious diseases,regions and industries distribution.The median length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis was on the low side,and a shortening trend showed in age at the onset of pneumoconiosis.Based on the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis,the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced in key industries such as mining industry and construction industry.