摘要目的 研究济南地区农药中毒的现状和分布特征,为当地制定科学防控农药中毒的政策提供依据.方法 收集整理2012至2016年济南市各级医疗机构上报的农药中毒报告卡数据资料,并进行统计分析.结果 济南市2012至2016年共报告农药中毒2 237例,非生产性农药中毒病例数(72.78％,2 149/2 237)和病死率(17.73％,381/2 149)均明显高于生产性农药中毒;中毒平均年龄(46.8±18.6)岁,非生产性农药中毒70岁以上年龄组病死率最高.导致中毒的农药以杀虫剂为主(67.68％,1 514/2 237),其次为除草剂(23.74％,531/2 237),导致死亡的农药以除草剂类的白草枯病死率最高(36.45％,160/439),其次为杀虫剂类的敌敌畏(19.19％,170/886).结论 农药中毒是危害济南居民健康的公共卫生问题和社会问题,应加强敌敌畏、白草枯等高毒农药的管控,注重对老年人的心理干预,以减少农药中毒的发生.

abstractsObjective To study the current situation and distribution characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Ji'nan area,and to provide the basis for formulating the policy of scientific prevention and control of pesticide poisoning.Methods The cases of pesticide poisoning from 2012 to 2016 were collected from medical institutions in Ji'nan,and the data was subjected to statistical analysis.Results From 2012 to 2016 in Ji'nan reported a total of 2 237 cases of pesticide poisoning,non productive pesticide poisoning cases (72.78％,2 149/2 237) and mortality (17.73％,381/2 149) was significantly higher than that of productive pesticide poisoning.The average age is 46.78±18.57.The highest mortality rate of pesticide poisoning is more than 70 age group of the non productive pesticide poisoning.Organophosphorus pesticides (67.68％,1 514/2 237) are the main pesticides causing poisoning,followed by herbicide (23.74％,531/2 237).The highest mortality rate of pesticide was Paraquat (36.45％,160/439),the second is the dichlorvos (19.19％,170/886).Conclusion Pesticide poisoning is a public health problem and social problem which is harmful to the health of the residents in Ji'nan.It is necessary to strengthen the control and management of high toxic pesticides.Pay attention to the psychological intervention of elderly people to reduce the incidence of pesticide poisoning.