摘要目的 通过对机械行业女性职工生殖健康的问卷调查,了解机械行业女性职工的生殖健康现况,以及工作负荷对女职工生殖健康的影响.方法 采用横断面调查方法,于2016年3～12月采用妇女健康调查项目调查问卷对全国5 732名机械行业女职工的生殖健康状况进行调查,包括基本情况、职业史、生殖及生育情况,通过统计学分析生殖健康的危害因素.结果 女职工月经异常率为27.15％,自述曾经患有妇科疾病或相关症状的女职工有34.39％.工作负荷大的女职工月经异常率及妇科疾病患病率较工作负荷小的女职工高,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).工作负荷为月经异常(OR=1.88,95％ CI:1.54～2.31,P＜0.01)和妇科疾病(OR=1.97,95％ CI:1.61～2.40,P＜0.01)的独立性危险因素.结论 工作负荷大对女职工的生殖健康存在一定程度的影响.

abstractsObjective To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in the machinery industry and to analysis the effect of workload on their reproductive health.Methods 5 732 female mechanical workers were selected and investigated by the Female Workers' Reproductive Health Questionnaire,which was printed by the occupational health and poisoning control institute of China CDC to collect the information about the reproductive health status of from March to December in 2016.Results The rate of abnormal menstruation was 27.15％,and the rate of gynecological diseases of female workers was 34.39％.The menstruation abnormality and gynecological diseases rate of female workers with high workload was higher than that female workers with low workload (both P＜0.01).High workload was the independent the risk factor associated with the menstruation abnormality (OR=1.88,95％CI:1.54～2.31,P＜0.01) and gynecological diseases (OR=1.97,95％ CI:1.61～2.40,P＜0.01).Conclusion The workload has a large impact on the reproductive health status of female workers.