摘要目的 评估某小型家具制造企业职业健康风险水平,探讨新加坡化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估模型(新加坡模型)在小型家具制造企业职业健康风险评估中的适用性,为企业持续性职业健康管理提供依据.方法 以某小型家具制造企业为研究对象,于2017年4~6月对其现场进行职业卫生学调查和应用新加坡模型开展风险评估.结果 新加坡模型风险评估结果显示,实际暴露水平法和暴露指数法计算工作场所各关键岗位的风险水平除了企业木工工序的甲醛风险水平为高风险(风险取值分别为3.5、4.1)、打磨工序的二甲苯风险水平为高风险(3.5、3.5)、喷底漆工序的甲苯和二甲苯风险水平为中等风险(3.0、3.4))和二甲苯风险水平为中等风险(3.0、3.3)、喷胶工序的甲苯风险水平为中等风险(3.0、3.4)、擦油工序的环已酮风险水平为中等风险(风险取值分别为2.8、2.8)外,其他作业场所的职业病危害因素所致的风险水平均不一致,暴露指数法计算的风险等级较高,特别是苯所致的风险水平处于高风险和极高风险,高于实际暴露法所计算的低风险水平.结论 新加坡模型适用于小型家具制造企 业工作场所化学毒物危害的风险分级,可为企业采取进一步防控措施提供依据.

abstractsObjective To assess the occupational health risk level of a small-scale furniture manufacturer, and to explore the applicability of the Singapore-developed semi-quantitative occupational risk assessment model for chemical exposure (Singapore model) in small-scale furniture manufacturers, and to provide a basis for the continuous occupational health management of manufacturers. Methods A small-scale furniture manufacturer was selected as the study subject; an on-site occupational hygiene investigation was performed on the above manufacturer during April to June in 2017, and a risk assessment was carried out using the Singapore model. Results The assessment results of the Singapore model indicated that risk levels of occupational exposure to harmful chemicals for the key positions in the workplace were inconsistent between the actual exposure level method and the exposure index method except for the following: high risk for formaldehyde exposure (risk level: 3.5 and 4.1, respectively) during woodworking process, high risk for dimethyl benzene exposure(risk level: 3.5 and 3.5, respectively) during burnishing process, medium risk for methyl benzene and dimethyl benzene exposure (risk level: 3.0 and 3.4, respectively) as well as for dimethyl benzene exposure (risk level: 3.0 and 3.3, respectively) during primer coating process, medium risk for methyl benzene exposure (risk level: 3.0 and 3.4, respectively) during gel painting process, and medium risk for cyclohexanone exposure(risk level: 2.8 and 2.8, respectively) during oil polishing process. The exposure index method yielded a higher risk level than the actual exposure level method, especially in the risk level of benzene exposure, which was rated as "high" and "very high" by the former but "low" by the latter. Conclusion The Singapore model is suitable for risk assessment of occupational exposure to harmful chemicals in small-scale furniture manufacturers, which can provide a basis for further prevention and control measures taken by manufacturers.