摘要目的 了解十堰市农民工尘肺病的发病规律和特征,为制定农民工尘肺病防治政策提供依据.方法 于2018年9月,收集2013至2017年诊断的338例农民工尘肺病和354例非农民工尘肺患者作为研究对象,分析农民工尘肺病的构成、发病年龄和工龄、尘肺期别、尘肺种类、工种、行业和地区分布等情况.结果 十堰市农民工尘肺病患者发病年龄和接尘工龄均明显高于非民工,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.237、3.208,P<0.05);两组尘肺期别分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.897,P<0.05).农民工尘肺以矽肺和煤工尘肺为主,分别为308例(91.1%)、29例(8.6%);工种以凿岩、爆破为主,分别为115例(34.0%)、105例(31.1%);行业以有色金属采选、煤炭开采为主,分别为205例(60.7%)、105例(31.1%);地区分布中竹山县、郧西县居前2位,分别为175例(51.8%)、125例(37.0%);有血缘关系的农民工尘肺病患者有89例(26.3%);农民工尘肺病患者均无工伤保险.结论 十堰市农民工尘肺病呈高发态势,存在"晚发"现象和家庭聚集特征,应加强农民工尘肺病的防治工作.

abstractsObjective To explore the incidence regularity and characteristics of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in Shiyan city, and to provide a basis for making policies about pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment among migrant workers. Methods In September 2018, 338 cases of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers and 354 cases of pneumoconiosis among non-migrant workers were collected between 2013 and 2017. The proportions of pneumoconiosis types, the age and seniority of onset workers, the severity grade of pneumoconiosis, the type of pneumoconiosis, the type of work and regional distribution, etc. were analyzed. Results The age at onset of pneumoconiosisand the length of service of migrant workers and non-migrant workers in Shiyan city were significantly different (t=2.237,3.208, P<0.05). The proportion of pneumoconiosis stage was significantly different from that of non-migrant workers (χ2=47.897, P<0.05), among migrant workers, the types of pneumoconiosis were mainly silicosis(308 cases, 91.1%), coal worker's pneumoconiosis (29 cases, 8.6% ). The leading work types are rock drilling (115 cases, 34.0% ) and blasting (105 cases, 31.1%). The industry was mainly engaged in non-ferrous metal mining(205 cases, 60.7%) and coal(105 cas- es, 31.1% ). The area distribution involved each counties of Shiyan city, with Zhushan county (175 cases, 51.8%) and Yunxi county (125 cases, 37.0%) as the top two districts in number of cases. Of the cases of mi-grant workers, 89 cases (26.3%) had blood relationship with any others. There was no work-related injury in-surance for migrant workers with pneumoconiosis. Conclusion There is a high incidence of pneumoconiosis a-mong migrant workers in Shiyan city, featured with the phenomenon of "late occurrence" and "family cluster-ing", so it is urgent to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis of migrant workers.