摘要目的 探讨母亲孕期动物性食物摄入量对新生儿出生体重的影响,为指导妊娠期合理膳食,改善出生体重提供科学依据.方法 数据源于2013年7-11月在陕西省30个县进行的出生缺陷现况及其危险因素横断面调查.采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法在选取2010年1月至2013年12月的孕妇中随机抽取个体完成半定量膳食频率问卷,收集包含动物性食物来源的各食物食用频率和分量数据及新生儿相关信息,筛选出母-婴(0～1岁)作为研究对象.将新生儿出生体重作为因变量,食物摄入频率转换成每周摄入次数后作为自变量,采用广义线性模型,建立3个调整模型并进行分层分析.结果 共纳入11 459对调查对象,新生儿平均体重(3 279.9±454.6)g,母亲孕期平均摄入蛋类食物4.00次/周,肉类食物1.50次/周,奶类食物3.00次/周,鱼类食物0.50次/周,总动物性食物5.00次/周.未分层时,3个模型均显示肉类及总动物性食物的摄入对新生儿出生体重有影响.调整了孕周、孕妇年龄、社会人口学等因素后,肉类食物摄入每周增加1次,出生体重增加约5.26(95％CI:1.32 ～ 9.20)g,而总动物性食物每周增加1次,出生体重平均增加3.24(95％CI:1.09 ～ 5.39)g.分层分析显示,肉类及总动物性食物对女婴和农村居民的影响更大;总动物性食物的摄入对陕北和关中地区的影响更大,而肉类食物的摄入对陕南地区的影响较大.且影响均为正向的,即摄入越多,体重增量越大.结论 妊娠期增加动物性食物摄入会改善新生儿的出生体重,建议孕期母亲应重视孕期动物性食物的摄入.

abstractsObjective To explore the effect of maternal animal sourced food intake during pregnancy on neonate birth weight and provide scientific basis for guiding the reasonable diet intake in pregnant women and increasing neonate birth weight.Methods Data were derived from a cross-sectional project of "the prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi province",which were conducted in 30 counties in Shaanxi province from July to November in 2013.A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select women who were pregnant between January 2010 and December 2013 for a random semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire survey to collect the data on the frequency and amount of food consumption on animal protein sources and the data of newborns.Children aged 0-1 years and their mothers were selected as the study subjects.The generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship between the neonate birth weight and maternal animal sourced food intake during pregnancy,and by using neonate birth weight as dependent variable,food intake frequency as independent variable,three adjustment models were established for stratified analysis.Results Totally 11 459 participants were involved in this study.The average birth weight of newborn was (3 279.9 ± 454.6) g,the average weekly intake of animal sourced foods was 4.00 times for egg,1.50 times for meat,3.00 times for dairy foods,0.50 times for fish and 5.00 times for overall animal sourced foods in pregnant women.Without stratification,three models shown that meat and overall animal sourced food intake had effects on neonate birth weight.After adjustment for gestational weeks,maternal age,social and demographic factors and others,meat intake increased by 1 time a week,the increase of neonate birth weight was about 5.26 (95％ CI:1.32-9.20) g,and the overall animal food increased by 1 times a week,the average neonate birth weight increased by 3.24 (95％ CI:1.09-5.39) g.Stratified analysis showed that meat and overall animal sourced food always had more influences on baby girls and those living in rural area.In the region classification,the overall animal sourced food intake had more influences on women living in northern area and Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,and meat intake had greater influence on women living in southern Shaanxi.And the influences were positive,the more animal sourced foods were taken,the greater the birth weight increased.Conclusion Animal sourced food intake during pregnancy would benefit the increase of neonate birth weight.It suggests that pregnant women should pay more attention to the intake of animal sourced food.