摘要目的 了解中国居民家庭污染燃料使用状况和分布特征,为政策制定提供依据.方法 数据来源于2014-2015年中国≥40岁居民COPD监测.家庭燃料数据收集采用面对面问卷调查方法,主要包括家庭烹饪和取暖使用的燃料类型、炉灶类型、排风排烟情况等.对样本进行复杂抽样估计相关指标及95％可信区间(95％CI).结果 家庭燃料部分调查人群有效样本为75 075人.中国≥40岁居民家庭烹饪或取暖使用污染燃料比例为有效样本的59.9％(95％CI:54.2％～65.7％),乡村地区显著高于城镇地区.其中单纯使用生物燃料和单纯使用煤燃料的比例分别为25.9％(95％CI:20.5％ ～ 31.3％)和18.9％(95％CI:13.2％ ～ 24.7％),同时使用生物燃料和煤燃料比例为15.1％(95％CI:10.8％～19.4％).七大地理区域生物燃料和煤燃料使用率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在使用污染燃料烹饪的家庭中,主要使用开放式炉火和开放式炉具的比例分别为21.3％(95％CI:16.9％ ～ 25.8％)、31.5％ (95％CI:25.8％ ～ 37.2％);有排风排烟装置的比例为72.7％(95％CI:66.9％ ～ 78.5％).结论 目前中国居民家庭使用污染燃料较为普遍,使用率城乡与地域分布不均.传统落后的燃烧技术仍被广泛使用,排风排烟装置普及率有待提高.为促进COPD防治,应尽快制定燃料及技术改进策略,减少家庭燃料燃烧造成的室内空气污染.

abstractsObjective To analyze the status and distribution characteristics of household polluting fuel use in China.Methods The data were collected from the adults aged ≥40 years who were recruited through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014-2015 COPD surveillance conducted in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China.A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years in 125 surveillance points were surveyed in face to face interview.Polluting fuels included biomass fuels (wood,dung,crop residues and charcoal),coal (including coal dust and lignite) and kerosene.The weighted percentage of family using polluting fuels,combustion method for cooking or heating and ventilation installation with 95％ CI were estimated by complex sampling design.Results According to the survey results from 75 075 adults,the percentage of family using polluting fuels for cooking or heating was 59.9％ (95％CI:54.2％-65.7％),the percentage in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (P＜0.001).As for different polluting fuels,the percentage of using only biomass fuels for cooking or heating was 25.9％ (95％CI:20.5％-31.3％),the percentage of using only coal (including kerosene) was 18.9％ (95％CI:13.2％-24.7％),and the percentage of using both biomass fuels and coal was 15.1％ (95％CI:10.8％-19.4％).Among seven geographic areas in China,the percentages of using biomass fuels ranged from 53.8％ in southern China to 23.0％ in northem China (P=0.039),the percentages of using coal (including kerosene) ranged from 59.5％ in northwestern China to 22.3％ in southern China (P=0.001).Among the families using polluting fuels,the percentages of mainly using traditional open fires and stoves were 21.3％ (95％CI:16.9％-25.8％)and 31.5％ (95％CI:25.8％-37.2％),respectively;the percentage of having ventilation installation was 72.7％ (95％CI:66.9％-78.5％).Conclusions Household polluting fuel use is common in China,but differs with area,traditional fuel combustion method is widely used,the coverage of ventilation installation need to be improved.In order to promote COPD prevention and control,it is necessary to develop strategies on fuels and fuel combustion method improvement to reduce indoor air pollution resulted from household fuel combustion.