摘要目的 研究血压相关的膳食模式与老年人认知受损的关系.方法 对营养与慢性病家庭队列≥60岁的研究对象进行2015年随访,收集调查对象人口学变量、行为生活方式及健康状况,利用食物频率表问卷(FFQ)收集膳食摄入信息,采用简易心理状况量表评定认知功能.进行健康体检,测定血压、身高和体重等指标.收集空腹静脉血样用于血脂等生物指标的分析.选择SBP和DBP作为反应变量,利用降秩回归法,提取血压相关的膳食模式,并利用多因素logistic回归模型,分析血压相关膳食模式评分与认知受损的关系.结果 提取了2种与血压相关的膳食模式,分别为蔬菜摄入较多、肉类蛋类和糕点摄入较少的膳食模式(模式1)和肉类、豆制品、白酒和油炸食品摄入量较多、奶类摄入较少的膳食模式(模式2).但仅有模式1与认知受损风险之间呈正向显著关系,相比该模式最低的四分位数,该模式最高的四分位数组患有认知受损的风险显著增加(OR=1.94,95％CI:1.21 ～ 3.11,P＜0.01),且呈线性趋势(P=0.002);而膳食模式2与认知受损风险无显著关系(P＞0.05).结论 血压相关膳食模式评分与认知受损风险呈显著正向关系.

abstractsObjective To study the association between blood pressure related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment in the elderly.Methods In 2015,all participants who were aged ≥60 and participated in the Nutrition and Chronic disease family cohort were involved in the study.Information on demographic variables,lifestyle and health status was collected.Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale.Blood pressure,height and weight were measured by trained medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected for testing on serum level of triglycerides and total cholesterol.Both SBP and DBP were used as response variables when dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression method.Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of scores on blood pressure-related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment.Results Two blood related dietary patterns were identified.The first one was characterized by high consumption of vegetables and less meat,eggs and dessert (Pattern 1),while the second one was with high consumption of meat,soy products,wine and fried foods and less intake of dairy (Pattem 2).Data showed that the Pattern 1 was associated with the risk of cognitive impairment.Comparing with the lowest quartile of score of this dietary pattern,the risk of cognitive impairment in the highest quartile group showed a significant (P＜0.01) increase,with OR=1.94 (1.21-3.11) and showing significant (P=0.002) linear trend.However,no significant association was observed (P＞ 0.05) with cognitive impairment in the second dietary pattern.Conclusion Blood pressure-related dietary pattern was positively associated with cognitive impairment.