摘要目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)队列10个地区做饭和取暖燃料使用的地区和人群分布特征.方法 CKB于2004-2008年进行基线调查,纳入来自我国10个地区的512 891名成年研究对象,通过问卷收集做饭和取暖燃料信息.本研究利用CKB基线调查数据计算不同地区、不同人群、不同时间各类燃料的使用率,并进行比较.结果 有52.1％的研究对象使用固体燃料做饭或取暖,农村使用率明显高于城市.有36.1％的人使用固体燃料做饭(煤20.1％,柴/炭16.0％);36.7％的人使用固体燃料取暖(煤22.7％,柴/炭14.0％).各项目地区在固体燃料使用率和主要使用的燃料种类上差异明显.文化程度越低、家庭收入越低的人群清洁燃料使用率越低.煤和柴/炭使用率随时间呈下降趋势,城市比农村下降更为明显.结论 我国仍有许多农村居民和低收入人群依靠固体燃料生活,是需要重视的公共卫生问题.

abstractsObjective To describe the characteristics of cooking and heating fuel use in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study.Methods The CKB study recruited 512 891 adults from 10 areas in China during 2004-2008.Information on cooking fuel and heating fuel was collected using a questionnaire in baseline survey.The proportions of various fuels used in different areas,in different populations,and at different time points were calculated and compared.Results Overall,52.1％ participants used solid fuel for cooking or heating.Rural areas had higher prevalence of solid fuel use than urban areas.The percentage of participants using solid fuel for cooking was 36.1％ (coal 20.1％,wood/charcoal 16.0％);The percentage of participants using solid fuel for heating was 36.7％ (coal 22.7％,wood/charcoal 14.0％).The prevalence of solid fuel use and the fuel type mainly used varied widely across 10 areas.The proportion of clean fuel use was lower in less-educated and lower-income people.Household coal and wood/charcoal use showed a declining trend,which was more remarkable in urban areas.Conclusion There are still a large number of rural residents and people with low income relying on solid fuel in China,which is a serious public health concern.