摘要1951-1980年脑卒中曾是日本中老年居民致残、致死的主要原因，其死亡率曾一度居发达国家首位，出血性脑卒中的死亡率显著高于西方国家。1965年日本脑卒中死亡率达到峰值（175.8/10万），此后以5%~7%幅度下降，到1980年下降至139.5/10万，其死因顺位成为第三位，到2010年下降至97.7/10万。日本脑卒中发病率、死亡率的大幅下降，主要归于重要危险因素的控制和公共卫生服务体系的完善，以及政策和法规予以保障综合干预措施的实施并可利用现有监测系统和调查评估干预措施的效果。鉴于日本脑卒中的流行病学特征和危险因素与我国具有相似之处，其在脑卒中防控中采取的策略和措施对我国有效防控脑卒中具有一定的借鉴意义。

abstractsFrom 1951 to 1980, stroke was the main cause of disability and death among middle-aged and elderly residents in Japan. Its mortality once stood in the first place among all the developed countries, with the mortality of hemorrhagic stroke significantly higher than that of the western countries. In 1965, the mortality of stroke in Japan reached a peak of 175.8 per 100 000. Since then, it began to decline rapidly with a range of 5%-7%, and dropped to 139.5 per 100 000 in 1980, and from the top cause of death to the third place. By 2010, the mortality had dropped to 97.7 per 100 000. The significant decline in stroke morbidity and mortality in Japan is mainly attributed to controlling important risk factors and the public health service system's improvement. Setting up related policies and regulations to ensure comprehensive interventions and using the existing monitoring systems and surveys to assess interventions' effectiveness also contributes. Given the similarities of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors on stroke in Japan and China, strategies and measures adopted in Japan will have certain positive significance for China.