摘要新型冠状病毒Omicron（B.1.1.529）变异株具有传播力强、传播速度快、免疫逃逸显著等特点，给新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控带来新的挑战。该变异株于2021年11月在南非被发现后，历时2个月便成为全球主要流行株，我国已有多个省份报告Omicron变异株引发的本土疫情。然而，Omicron变异株的高度突变对其流行病学特征的影响仍不够明晰。本文基于现有研究证据，针对Omicron变异株与功能有关的突变、传播力、毒力、免疫逃逸能力及免疫交叉反应等重要方面进行综述，为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的科学防控提供参考。

abstracts2019-nCoV Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, which has brought new challenges to the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic, has the characteristics of stronger transmissibility and more rapid transmission and more significant immune evasion. It took only two months to become a predominant strain worldwide after its identification in South Africa in November 2021. Local epidemics caused by Omicron variant have been reported in several provinces in China. However, the epidemiological characteristics of highly mutated Omicron variant remain unclear. This article summarizes the progress in the research of functional mutations, transmissibility, virulence, immune evasion and cross-reactive immune responses of Omicron variant, to provide references for the effective prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic caused by Omicron variant.