摘要2016年我国在国家重点研发计划“精准医学研究”重点专项中发布国家百万自然人群队列建设项目，建设七大区域自然人群队列。东北地区作为我国区域划分七大地区之一，气候特征显著、膳食习惯独特且人口老龄化严重，其慢性非传染性疾病负担居全国前列。因此，建立东北区域大型自然人群队列，系统探寻疾病发生和预后相关区域特色暴露因素，为建立东北地区疾病预防新策略、降低国家医疗负担、提升东北地区人口健康水平，具有重要意义。2018年7月，东北区域自然人群队列现场工作启动，现场工作内容主要包括对参与者进行问卷调查、体格检查，以及血、尿、粪便样本的采集和检测，截至目前，队列总计完成各年龄层共115 414人的基线数据收集工作。本文简要介绍了东北区域自然人群队列建设概况，为国内相关研究提供参考。

abstractsIn 2016, a national one million general population cohort project was set up in China for the first time in "Precision Medicine Research" Key Project, National Key Research and Development Program of China, which consists of general population cohorts in seven areas in China. As one of the seven major areas in China, northeastern China has unique climate and specific dietary patterns, and population aging is serious in this area. And the burden of chronic and non-communicable diseases ranks tops in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a large general population cohort in northeastern China to explore the area specific exposure factors related to pathogenesis and prognosis of chronic and non-communicable diseases, develop new prevention strategies to reduce the burden of the diseases and improve the population health in northeastern China. In July 2018, the general population cohort study in northeastern China was launched, the study includes questionnaire survey, health examination and blood, urine and stool sample collection and detection in recruited participants. By now, the cohort has covered all age groups, and the baseline data of 115 414 persons have been collected. This paper summarizes the design and practice of the general population cohort study in northeastern China to provide reference for related research in China.