摘要目的:探索中老年人营养素相关膳食模式与轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的关系。方法:选取2018年“中国健康与营养调查”中6 444名≥55岁中老年人为研究对象，利用简明精神状态检查量表判定是否患有MCI，采用连续3天24小时膳食调查和称重法获取各类食物摄入量，结合食物成分表计算各类营养素和膳食总能量的摄入量。通过问卷调查和体格测量获得调查对象的社会人口学、生活方式和健康状况等信息。本研究选取维生素C、维生素E、锌、铁、铜和硒作为因变量，采用降秩回归法提取营养素相关膳食模式，并利用多因素logistic回归模型分析该膳食模式与MCI的关系。结果:本研究提取了6种膳食模式，选取解释度最高的膳食模式1纳入后续分析，该膳食模式以较多的豆制品、蔬菜、水果、坚果、猪肉、水产类和植物油摄入为特征。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，在55~64岁组中，相对于膳食评分 Q1组， Q4组患MCI的风险降低（ OR=0.69，95% CI：0.49~0.98）；在每日睡眠8 h组中，相对于 Q1组，膳食评分 Q2、 Q3、 Q4组患MCI的风险均降低， OR值分别为0.68（95% CI：0.51~0.92）、0.67（95% CI：0.49~0.92）和0.65（95% CI：0.45~0.92）。交互作用显示，相对于55~岁膳食评分 Q1组，65~和≥75岁 Q1组患MCI的风险均逐渐升高，但这两个年龄组内部随着膳食模式评分的增加，患MCI的风险均逐渐降低。相对于每日睡眠非8 h的膳食评分 Q1组，每日睡眠8 h的膳食评分 Q2、 Q3组患MCI的风险均降低。 结论:以较多的豆制品、蔬菜、水果、坚果、猪肉、水产类和植物油摄入的膳食模式与55~64岁和每日睡眠8 h的中老年群体的MCI呈负相关关系，且可能降低随年龄增长引起的MCI患病风险。

abstractsObjective:To explore the relationship between nutrient-related dietary pattern and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:A total of 6 444 middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥55 years were selected in 2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey. MCI was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination, and the intakes of various foods were obtained by consecutive 3-day 24-hour dietary survey and weighing method. The intakes of various nutrients and total dietary energy were calculated based on the food composition table. Demographic and social information, lifestyle and health status of the respondents were obtained through questionnaire survey and physical measurements. In this study, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, iron, copper and selenium were selected as dependent variables. Nutrient-related dietary patterns were extracted by reduced rank regression method, and the relationship between dietary patterns and MCI was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.Results:Six dietary patterns were extracted in this study, and dietary pattern 1 with the highest explanatory degree was selected for subsequent analysis. Dietary pattern 1 was characterized by higher intakes of legume products, vegetables, fruits, nuts, pork, aquatic products and plant oil. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI was lower in Q4 dietary score group than in Q1 dietary score group ( OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98) in the 55-64 age group. In people with sleep duration of 8 hours per day, the risk of MCI was reduced in Q2, Q3 and Q4 dietary score groups compared with the Q1 dietary score group, with OR values of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.51-0.92), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49-0.92) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.45-0.92), respectively. Interaction analysis showed that the risk for MCI increased in those aged 65-74 years and ≥75 years compared with those aged 55-64 years in Q1 dietary score group. However, the risk for MCI decreased in both age groups as dietary pattern scores increased. Compared with those with sleep duration less or more than 8 hours per day in Q1 dietary score group, those with sleep duration of 8 hours per day in Q2 and Q3 dietary score groups had a reduced risk for MCI. Conclusion:Dietary patterns with higher intakes of legume products, vegetables, fruits, nuts, pork, aquatic products, and plant oil are negatively associated with MCI in people aged 55-64 years and those who slept 8 hours per day, and may reduce the risk of MCI with aging.