摘要本文简要介绍了流行病学研究中效应修饰作用的定义、分类、特征及其研究意义，阐述效应修饰作用因子与混杂因素的区别与联系，并分别分析了效应修饰作用在流行病学原始研究及Meta分析中对结果的影响，通过图表展示了Meta分析中效应修饰作用可能出现的场景及其对应决策，旨在引起研究者对效应修饰作用的重视。本文通过“钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂治疗2型糖尿病疗效”这一实际案例展示经典Meta分析中如何识别和处理效应修饰作用，分别展示了亚组分析和Meta回归2种方法的分析思路和结果解读，并总结2种方法在探讨效应修饰作用方面的优缺点及注意事项，为未来研究者的方法选择提供参考。

abstractsThis paper briefly introduces the definition, classification and significance of effect modification in epidemiological studies, summarizes the difference between effect modifier and confounders, and analyze the influence as well as the role of effect modification in epidemiological studies and Meta-analysis. In this paper, the possible scenarios of effect modification and related analysis strategy in Meta-analysis are indicated by graphics, aiming to arouse researchers' attention to effect modification. This paper also demonstrates how to identify and deal with effect modification in Meta-analysis through a study case of "Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes", and shows the analysis process and interpretation of results of subgroup analysis and Meta-regression methods respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are summarized to provide reference for the method selection of future research.