摘要目的:调查我国热带部分地区蚊虫及其携带的虫媒病毒病原谱的分布。方法:2023年4月至2024年12月在广东省、广西壮族自治区、云南省和海南省的热带调查地区选取不同调查点采集蚊虫。根据形态学和分子生物学方法对采集到的蚊虫进行分类鉴定（1~50只/管）。采用Sanger一代测序法和高通量二代测序法检测蚊虫标本中的虫媒病毒核酸。使用PooledInfRate v4插件推算热带调查地区虫媒病毒的带毒率。结果:在4个省份22个城市（自治州）共70个镇级采样点，共采集40 481只蚊虫，经形态和分子生物学鉴定为5属31种。三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊和常型曼蚊分别为热带调查地区库蚊属、按蚊属、伊蚊属、阿蚊属和曼蚊属中生态优势种。三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种（69.08%，27 963/40 481），其次分别为中华按蚊（9.11%，3 688/40 481）、白纹伊蚊（6.58%，2 662/40 481）。检出10种致病性虫媒病毒和43种昆虫特异性病毒，分布在16科和Negevirus分类群。坦布苏病毒、乙脑病毒、登革病毒、南定病毒、Cat Que virus、巴泰病毒、Umbre virus、版纳病毒、芒市病毒和盖塔病毒在我国热带调查地区蚊媒中的带毒率均较低。这些致病性虫媒病毒在热带调查地区蚊媒中带毒率的最大似然估计（MLE）的最大值和最小值分别为4.78/10 000（95% CI：2.26/10 000~9.08/10 000）和0.25/10 000（95% CI：0.01/10 000~1.19/10 000）。乙脑病毒在热带调查地区三带喙库蚊中的MLE值为0.36/10 000（95% CI：0.02/10 000~1.73/10 000）。巴泰病毒在热带调查地区白纹伊蚊中的MLE值为3.76/10 000（95% CI：0.22/10 000~18.20/10 000）。30.23%（13/43）的昆虫特异性病毒种类在4个省份调查地区蚊媒中带毒率均较高。 结论:广东省、广西壮族自治区、云南省和海南省的热带地区存在广泛的蚊媒，三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种，且存在多种致病性虫媒病毒和昆虫特异性病毒循环。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes and pathogen spectrum of arbovirus in tropical regions of China.Methods:From April 2023 to December 2024, mosquitoes were collected at various survey sites in the tropical regions of Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, and Hainan Province. Classify and identify collected mosquitoes using morphological and molecular biological methods (1-50 specimens per tube). Arboviruses in mosquito specimens were detected using Sanger first-generation sequencing and high-throughput second-generation sequencing. Using the PooledInfRate v4 plugin to estimate arboviruses prevalence rates in tropical survey areas.Results:A total of 40 481 mosquitoes were collected from 70 township-level sampling sites across 22 cities (autonomous) prefectures in four provinces of China. These specimens were identified morphologically and molecularly as belonging to 5 genera and 31 species. The Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Mansonia uniformis were the ecologically dominant species within the Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, and Mansonia genera, respectively, in the tropical survey areas. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant mosquito species, accounting for 69.08% (27 963/40 481). Anopheles sinensis ranked second (9.11%, 3 688/40 481), followed by Aedes albopictus (6.58%,2 662/40 481). This survey identified 10 pathogenic arboviruses and 43 insect-specific viruses, distributed across 16 families and the Negevirus taxon. The prevalence rates of Tembusu virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Nam Dinh virus, Cat Que virus, Batai virus, Umbre virus, Banana virus, Mangshi virus, and Getah virus among mosquito vectors in China's tropical regions of investigation were all relatively low. The maximum and minimum values of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for prevalence rates of these pathogenic arboviruses in mosquito vectors from tropical survey areas were 4.78/10 000 (95% CI: 2.26/10 000-9.08/10 000) and 0.25/10 000 (95% CI: 0.01/10 000-1.19/10 000), respectively. The prevalence rate of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in tropical survey areas was 0.36/10 000 (MLE, 95% CI: 0.02/10 000-1.73/10 000). The prevalence rate of Batai virus in Aedes albopictus in tropical survey areas was 3.76/10 000 (MLE,95% CI: 0.22/10 000-18.20/10 000). 30.23% (13/43) of specific viruses exhibited high infection rates among mosquito vectors across all four surveyed provinces. Conclusions:The tropical regions of Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, and Hainan Province harbor a wide range of mosquito vectors, with Culex tritaeniorhynchus being the predominant species. This survey also revealed the circulation of multiple pathogenic arboviruses and insect-specific viruses in China's tropical regions.