摘要目的 探讨经阴道NOTES辅助腹腔镜下肾切除术的安全性和可行性.方法 应用经阴道NOTES辅助腹腔镜技术行肾切除术5例.均为女性,中位年龄41(36～63)岁.其中输尿管结石并肾重度积水无功能肾4例,结核肾1例;左侧2例,右侧3例.全麻,截石位,患侧垫高约60.,于左右脐缘置入5 mm和10 mm套管;自阴道后穹窿置入10 mm套管,并由此置入腹腔镜,充分游离患肾后完整切除,装入标本袋自阴道后穹窿切口取出.结果 5例手术均成功完成.术中术后未发生并发症.中位手术时间190(150～260)min,术中中位失血量185(150～210)ml.5例术后第1天下床活动,第2天排气并进饮食.腹腔及盆腔引流管引流液少,术后第3天B超检查腹腔及盆腔无积液,先后拔除引流管.术后第7天脐部切口拆线痊愈出院,经窥阴器检查阴道后穹窿切口愈合良好.结论 经阴道NOTES辅助腹腔镜下肾切除术安全可行,较普通腹腔镜和单孔腹腔镜手术创伤更小,美容效果更佳.

abstractsObjective To describe the initial clinical experience of transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods From May to June 2010, 4 female patients with non-functioning kidney and 1 female patient with renal tuberculosis underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. The median age was 41 years (range 36 to 63). Three lesions were on the right side, and 2 on the left. After induction of general anesthesia, the patients were positioned in lithotomy with ipsilateral lumbar at 60° angle to the operating table. A 5 mm Trocar and a 10 mm Trocar were placed through the umbilicus, and a 10 mm Trocar for 30° laparoscope was placed through the posterior vaginal fornix under direct vision. The kidneys were put into a home-made bag and removed via the incision of posterior vaginal fornix after there were completely resected. Results The 5 procedures were successfully finished. The median operative time was 190 (range 150 to 260)min. The median estimated blood loss was 185 (range 150 to 210) ml. There were no intra-operative or postoperative complications. The patients resumed ambulation 1 day after surgery, and resumed nutrition 2 days after surgery. The drainages were removed on postoperactive day 3. The patients were discharged on postoperative day 7. The incision in vagina healed well. Conclusions Transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy is feasible and reproducible. This novel technique may provide additional benefits related to postoperative pain, recovery, and cosmetic results even when compared to today's minimally invasive procedures.