摘要目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术(RARP)中不同膀胱颈分离方式的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析四川省人民医院2014年10月至2018年10月收治的750例局限性前列腺癌并接受RARP患者的病例资料。根据术中膀胱颈分离方式将患者分为4组。A组500例，年龄63(62.5～67.0)岁，PSA 13(9.0～22.0)ng/ml，穿刺Gleason评分6.9(5～9)分，前列腺体积66(42～78)ml，体质指数≤25 kg/m 2 300例(60%)，>25 kg/m 2 200例(40%)；T 1c期75例(15.0%)，T 2a～2b期255例(51.0%)，T 2c～3a期170例(34.0%)；术中采用顺向剥离方式，在膀胱颈前部12点部位行1 cm切口，切断逼尿肌并切开膀胱颈。B组133例，年龄65(61～68)岁，PSA7.4(6.4～26.0)ng/ml，穿刺Gleason评分7(6～12)分，前列腺体积70(50～89)ml，体质指数≤25 kg/m 2 85例(63.9%)，>25 kg/m 2 48例(36.1%)；T 1c期43例(32.3%)，T 2a～2b期56例(42.1%)，T 2c～3a期34例(25.6%)；术中采用T形切开膀胱颈方式，正确识别膀胱与前列腺交界，T形切开膀胱颈前壁。C组81例，年龄66(64.5～70.5)岁，PSA 6.2(5.3～27.0)ng/ml，穿刺Gleason评分9(8～16)分，前列腺体积53(43～72)ml，体质指数≤25 kg/m 2 52例(39.1%)，>25 kg/m 2 29例(60.9%)；T 1c期39例(48.1%)，T 2a～2b期27例(33.3%)，T 2c～3a期15例(18.6%)；术中采用顺向剥离方式联合T形切开膀胱颈方式。D组36例，年龄62(59.5～66.5)岁，PSA 14(8.4～21.0)ng/ml，穿刺Gleason评分10(6～18)分，前列腺体积80(68～92)ml，体质指数≤25 kg/m 2 15例(42.0%)，>25 kg/m 2 21例(58.0%)；T 1c期6例(16.6%)，T 2a～2b期17例(47.2%)，T 2c～3a期13例(36.2%)；术中采用侧方会师方式，沿一侧的膀胱颈外侧及前列腺侧后韧带内侧进行分离，与事先建立的狄氏间隙汇合。4组患者的年龄、PSA、Gleason评分、前列腺体积、体质指数及临床分期差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。所有手术均由同一名术者完成。比较4组的手术时间、出血量、吻合时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症、近端切缘阳性率、尿管留置时间、术后6个月尿控率。 结果:本研究750例手术均顺利完成，无中转开放病例。A、B、C、D组手术时间分别为100(70～120)min、89(70～95)min、105(80～127)min、110(90～130)min，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)；术中出血量分别为40.5 (30.0～55.6)ml、52.8 (41.5～53.6)ml、50.5 (35.6～72.0)ml、55.3 (42.0～60.5)ml，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)；吻合时间分别为20.5(18.0～25.0)min、16.1(10.7～17.3)min、25.4 (18.9～27.0) min、28.5(21.0～32.0)min，B组吻合时间明显短于其他组( P<0.05)；术后住院时间分别为9.3 (8.0～13.0)d、8.4(6.0～16.0)d、10.8(8.0～16.0)d、7.8(7.0～14.0)d，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。A组出现吻合口瘘和输尿管损伤各3例，其余3组中均无严重并发症。近端切缘阳性例数分别为A组40例(8.0%)、B组0例、C组6例(7.3%)、D组3例(8.3%)，B组切缘阳性率低于其他组( P<0.05)。A、B、C、D组术后尿管留置时间分别为7(6～8)d、6(4～8)d、12(6～18)d、10(6～13)d，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)；术后6个月尿控例数分别为381例(75.2%)、102例(76.9%)、61例(75.4%)、27例(73.8%)，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论:本研究RARP术中各膀胱颈分离方式均安全、可行，均能有效避免输尿管损伤，术后6个月均能获得较好的尿控率，且T形切开膀胱颈方式的术后近端切缘阳性率低于其他手术方式。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the clinical effect of different bladder neck separation methods in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods:To retrospective analysis the data of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP)in our center from October, 2014 to October, 2018. All operations were performed by the same urologist. According to the different methods of bladder neck separationAccording to the different methods of bladder neck separation, all the patients were divided into four groups. Group A routine forward peeling method (500 cases): Make a 1cm incision at 12 o'clock on the front of the bladder neck, cut off the detrusor muscle and cut the bladder neck. Group B T-cut incision of the bladder neck (133 cases): identify the bladder and prostate Junction, T-shaped incision of the anterior wall of the bladder neck. Group C conventional stripping method combined with T-shaped incision of the bladder neck (81 cases). Group D lateral approach (36 cases): along the lateral side of the bladder neck and the medial posterior ligament of the prostate is separated and merges with the previously established Dirichlet space. The general data of patients were analyzed statistically.The average ages of groups A, B, C, and D were 63 years (62.5 to 67 years), 65 years (61 to 68 years), 66 years (64.5 to 70.5 years), and 62 years (59.5 to 66.5 years)respectively, there was no statistical significance difference in terms of age in 4 groups( P>0.05); PSA is 13 ng/ml(9.0 to 22 ng/ml), 7.4 ng/ml(6.4 to 26.0 ng/ml), 6.2 ng/ml(5.3 to 27.0 ng/ml), 14ng/ml(8.4 to 21.0 ng/ml), ( P>0.05); Gleason scores of puncture were 6.9(5 to 9), 7(6 to 12), 9(8 to 16), 10(6 to 18), ( P>0.05); the prostate volume was 66ml(42 to 78 ml), 70ml(50 to 89 ml), 53ml (43 to 72 ml), 80 ml (68 to 92 ml), ( P>0.05); the proportions of body mass index ≤25 kg/m 2 were 60.0%, 63.9%, 39.1%, 42.0%, and>25 kg/m 2 were 40%, 36.1%, 60.9%, and 58.0%, respectively, ( P>0.05). The operation time, bleeding volume, anastomosis time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, positive rate of proximal incision margin, urinary indwelling time, and urinary control rate in the four groups analyzed. Results:All 750 RARP operations were successful, and none were converted to open.The operation time of groups A, B, C, and D were 100 min(70 to 120 min), 89 min(70 to 95 min), 105 min(80 to 127 min), and 110 min(90 to 130 min), ( P>0.05); anastomosis time was 20.5 min (18.0 to 25.0 min)、16.1min (10.7 to 17.3 min)、25.4 min (18.9 to 27.0 min)、and 28.5 min (21.0 to 32.0 min), the anastomosis time in group B was significantly shorter than other groups ( P<0.05); the postoperative hospital stays were 9.3 days (8.0 to 13.0 days), 8.4 days (6.0 to 16.0 days), 10.8 days (8.0 to 16.0 days)and 7.8 days (7.0 to 14.0 days), ( P>0.05). Postoperative complications: Anastomotic fistula and ureteral injury occurred in 3 cases in group A, and no serious complications occurred in the other 3 groups. Proximal marginal positive rate: 40 cases (8.0%) in group A, 0 cases in group B, 6 cases (7.3%) in group C, 3 cases (8.3%) in group D, and low positive rate of margin incision in group B( P<0.05). The urinary indwelling time was 7 d (6 to 8 d), 6 d(4 to 8 d), 12 d(6 to 18 d), 10 d(6 to 13 d), ( P>0.05). Six-month postoperative urine control rate: 381 cases (75.2%) in group A, 102 cases (76.9%) in group B, 61 (75.4%) in group C, and 27 (73.8%) in group D, ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The above four method of bladder neck separation during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and feasible, which can effectively avoid ureteral damage. Each method can obtain better urine control within six months after surgery rate. The positive rate of proximal incision margin after T-shaped bladder neck was lowest among four groups.