摘要前列腺癌是全世界男性发病率第二位的肿瘤，其中高危和局部进展期肿瘤是威胁患者生命的主要原因。随着新辅助治疗在越来越多实体瘤中成功应用，其在前列腺肿瘤中的研究也逐步展开，其中新辅助内分泌治疗及新辅助内分泌治疗联合化疗目前应用较为广泛。研究结果显示，尽管新辅助内分泌治疗对降低切缘阳性率有效，但无法改善患者远期生存。新辅助内分泌治疗联合化疗可能延长高危局部进展期患者的无生化复发时间，但患者能否最终取得生存获益仍需要前瞻性随机对照研究进一步阐明。此外，新型内分泌治疗药物的问世、液态活检的开展，将为前列腺肿瘤的精准化、个体化新辅助治疗提供新的思路。

abstractsProstate cancer is the second most common tumor in men worldwide, and high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer are life threatening for patients. With the successful application of neoadjuvant therapy in more and more solid tumors, it’s application in prostate tumors has also been gradually started. Among these studies, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy are currently the most widely used. Although neoadjuvant hormonal therapy has been shown effective in reducing the positive rate of resection margins, it cannot improve the long-term survival of patients. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy may prolong the non-biochemical recurrence time of high-risk locally advanced patients, but whether patients can ultimately achieve survival benefits still needs to be further clarified in prospective randomized controlled studies.