摘要目的:探讨双镜联合治疗复杂性上尿路结石的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2020年2月浙江省人民医院收治的117例采用同期经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性上尿路结石患者的临床资料。男71例，女46例；平均年龄45(31~73)岁。其中肾及输尿管多发结石29例，鹿角形结石22例，术后残余结石19例，尿流改道术后吻合口狭窄伴上尿路结石18例，移植肾/输尿管整形/内镜碎石术后合并输尿管狭窄伴结石13例，孤立肾结石10例，肾盏憩室结石6例。结石最大径平均27(13~45)mm。所有病例均采用顺行经皮肾单通道内镜下联合逆行输尿管软镜碎石取石。结果:117例手术均一期顺利完成。平均手术时间(91.6±10.2)min。术后无严重出血和感染并发症。术后3~7 d复查腹部X线平片(KUB)或CT平扫，一期净石率87.2%(102/117)。结论:同期顺逆行双镜联合治疗复杂性上尿路结石，能提高手术成功率及一期净石率，减少经皮肾通道数量，提高手术安全性，是结石腔内手术的一种有效手段。

abstractsObjective:To study the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal scopic surgery for complicated upper urinary calculi.Methods:The clinical data of 117 patients with complicated upper urinary calculi treated by simultaneous percutaneous nephroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy from March 2013 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 71 males and 46 females, aged 31-73 years, with an average age of 45 years old. There were 29 cases of multiple kidney and ureteral stones, 22 cases of staghorn stones, 19 cases of postoperative residual stones, 18 cases secondary to urinary diversion, 13 cases of ureteral stricture with stones after kidney transplantation/ureteroplasty/endoscopic lithotripsy, 10 cases of isolated kidney, and 6 cases of caliceal diverticular stones. The maximum diameters of calculi were 13-45 mm, with an average of 27 mm.Results:All operative procedures of 117 patients were successful by one session. The mean operation time was (91.6±10.2) min. All cases were treated with single-channel lithotripsy combined antegrade percutaneous nephroscopy with retrograde flexibl eureteroscopy. An abdominal X-ray (KUB) or non-contrast CT was taken 3 to 7 days after the operation. There was no serious bleeding or infection after the operation, and the first-stage stone-free rate was 87.2% (102/117).Conclusions:The strategy of simultaneous antero-retrograde endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery for complicated upper urinary calculi can improve the success rate and first-stage stone-free rate, and reduce the number of percutaneous renal channel leading to the increasing safety of operation. It is an effective means of endourological management of urolithiasis.