摘要目的:建立中老年良性前列腺梗阻(BPO)患者的尿动力学分型，探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)治疗各型患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年12月北京大学人民医院793例行尿动力学检查的中老年男性非神经源性下尿路症状(LUTS)患者的病例资料。尿动力学检查提示逼尿肌无收缩者经膀胱镜检查诊断为BPO。尿动力学检查时膀胱充盈期自发或刺激可诱发的逼尿肌无抑制收缩诊断为逼尿肌过度活动(DO)，LinPURR图提示逼尿肌收缩力减弱诊断为逼尿肌活动低下(DU)，膀胱顺应性(灌注开始-灌注结束)下降定义为≤40 ml/cmH 2O。根据检查结果将793例分为4型：Ⅰ型为单纯BPO，共164例(20.7%)；Ⅱ型为BPO合并DO，共333例(42.0%)；Ⅲ型为BPO合并DU，共267例(33.7%)；Ⅳ型为BPO合并膀胱顺应性下降，共29例(3.7%)。Ⅰ～Ⅳ型患者年龄逐渐增大[(67.3±8.2)岁与(69.7±7.7)岁与(71.5±7.9)岁与(72.4±7.1)岁， P<0.05]。各型患者术前检查指标比较，Ⅰ型的储尿期评分[(9.1±3.6)分与(10.4±3.0)7分、(9.2±3.3)分、(10.4±3.1)分， P<0.05]、排尿期评分[(13.5±3.4)分与(14.2±3.5)分、(14.0±3.5)分、(14.2±2.9)分， P<0.05]、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)总分[(22.6±5.4)分与(24.7±4.9)分、(23.1±5.3)分、(24.6±4.7)分， P<0.05]显著低于其他各型，最大膀胱容量[(332.6±83.2)ml与(221.4±80.8)ml、(286.7±108.2)ml、(242.3±103.4)ml， P<0.05]、功能性膀胱容量[(215.2±90.0)ml与(148.5±76.0)ml、(154.9±87.2) ml、(121.2±72.9)ml， P<0.05]显著高于其他各型。Ⅱ型的储尿期评分[(10.4±3.1)分与(9.1±3.6)分、(9.2±3.3)分， P<0.05]，夜尿次数[(3.7±1.8)次与(3.2±1.8)次、(3.2±1.6)次， P<0.05]，IPSS总分[(24.7±4.9)分与(22.6±5.4)分、(23.1±5.3)分， P<0.05]，生活质量评分[(4.9±0.9)分与(4.6±0.9)分、(4.6±0.86)分， P<0.05]显著高于Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型。Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的残余尿量高于Ⅱ型[(121.3±96.4)ml、(121.3±96.4)ml与(71.2±73.5)ml， P<0.05]。Ⅳ型的储尿期评分[(10.4±3.1)分与(9.1±3.6)分、(9.2±3.3)分， P<0.05]、排尿期评分[(14.2±2.9)分与(13.5±3.4分)、(14.0±3.5)分， P<0.05]、夜尿次数[(3.8±1.9)次与(3.2±1.8)次、(3.2±1.6)次， P<0.05]、生活质量评分[(4.9±0.8)分与(4.6±0.9)分、(4.6±0.9)分， P<0.05]高于Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型。Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型的膀胱顺应性[(21.4±24.2)ml/cmH 2O、(11±11.4)ml/cmH 2O与(33.9±23.7)ml/cmH 2O、(33.1±32.7)ml/cmH 2O， P<0.05]、最大膀胱容量[(221.4±80.8)ml、(242.3±103.4)ml与(332.6±83.2)ml、(286.7±108.2)ml， P<0.05]、功能性膀胱容量[(148.5±76.0)ml、(121.2±72.9)ml与(215.2±90.0)ml、(154.9±87.2)ml， P<0.05]显著小于Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型( P<0.05)。2016年11月至2018年11月60例确诊BPO患者行TURP，其中Ⅰ型17例(28.3%)、Ⅱ型23例(38.3%)、Ⅲ型11例(18.3%)、Ⅳ型9例(15.1%)。4组间比较，体质指数、最大膀胱容量、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、膀胱顺应性的差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)，其他指标差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。术后3个月开始随访，随访内容包括IPSS、储尿期评分、排尿期评分、夜尿次数、无干扰睡眠时间、夜尿生活质量评分、生活质量评分。 结果:TURP术后Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型的IPSS评分较术前显著改善[(19.8±6.2)分与(3.4±1.8)分；(21.9±5.2)分与(4.6±2.6)分；(21.5±6.2)分与(5.7±4.6)分， P<0.05]，Ⅳ型储尿期症状评分[(9.1±4.1)分与(4.3±3.7)分]、夜尿次数[(3.6±1.5)分与(2.3±1.6)分]、夜尿生活质量评分[(25.3±6.9)分与(31.4±13.7)分]较术前无显著改善( P>0.05)。Ⅳ型生活质量评分改善程度显著低于Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型[(10.9±9.1)分与(12.2±9.0)分、(14.4±5.7)分、(12.7±5.8)分， P<0.05]。术后Ⅳ型IPSS评分显著高于Ⅰ型[(7.0±5.8)分与(3.4±1.8)分]、夜尿生活质量评分明显低于Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型[(31.4±13.7)分与(37.5±4.2)分、(38.7±3.5)分、(37.8±3.8)分( P<0.05)]。 结论:根据尿动力学检查结果将中老年BPO患者分为Ⅰ型(单纯BPO)、Ⅱ型(BPO合并DO)、Ⅲ型(BPO合并DU)、Ⅳ型(BPO合并膀胱顺应性下降)。Ⅰ型的膀胱功能最好，TURP疗效好；Ⅱ型的症状评分高，生活质量差，TURP术后可以获益；Ⅲ型的膀胱功能较差，应尽早手术防止膀胱功能进一步恶化；Ⅳ型的膀胱功能最差，IPSS和生活质量评分高，TURP疗效不佳。

abstractsObjective:To establish the urodynamic classification of middle-aged and elderly men with benign prostatic obstruction(BPO), and to analyze the efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) on various types of patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis of middle-aged and elderly male patients with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) who underwent urodynamic tests from January 2010 to December 2018, including 793 patients with BPO. Urodynamics examination of detrusor without contraction needs to complete cystoscopy to diagnose BPO. During urodynamic examination, the detrusor uninhibited contraction induced by spontaneous or stimulation during the bladder filling period is diagnosed as overactivity of the bladder detrusor(DO), and the LinPURR chart indicates the detrusor underactivity(DU). Based on the persistence of BPO leading to DO, DU, and decreased bladder compliance, 793 male patients with BPO with LUTS were divided into four types, including type Ⅰ(BPO: n=164, 20.7%), type Ⅱ(BPO combined with DO: n=333, 42.00%), type Ⅲ(BPO combined with DU: n=267, 33.7%), type Ⅳ(BPO combined with decreased bladder compliance: n=29, 3.7%). The preoperative comparison between groups showed that the age of type Ⅰ-Ⅳ gradually increased, and the age of type Ⅰ was significantly smaller than other types [(67.3±8.2)years, (69.7±7.7)years, (71.5±7.9)years, (72.4±7.1)years, P<0.05]. Compared with other types, the type Ⅰ’s IPSS-S[(9.1±3.6)points vs.(10.4±3.1) points, (9.2±3.3) points, (10.4±3.1)points, P<0.05], IPSS-V[(13.5±3.4) points vs. (14.2±3.5)points, (14.0±3.5)points, (14.2±2.9)points, P<0.05], IPSS scores[(22.6±5.4)points, (24.7±4.9)points, (23.1±5.3)points, (24.6±4.7)points, P<0.05] were significantly lower than other groups, the maximum bladder capacity [(332.6±83.2)ml vs.(221.4±80.8)ml, (286.7±108.2)ml, (242.3±103.4)ml, P<0.05], the functional bladder capacity was significantly higher than other types[(215.2±90.0)ml, (148.5±76.0)ml, (154.9±87.2)ml, (121.2±72.9)ml, P<0.05]. Type Ⅱ’s IPSS-S[(10.4±3.1)points vs.(9.1±3.6)points, (9.2±3.3)points, P<0.05], nocturia frequency[(3.7±1.8)times vs.(3.2±1.8)times, (3.2±1.6)times, P<0.05], IPSS score[(24.7±4.9)points vs.(22.6±5.4)points, (23.1±5.3)points, P<0.05], quality of life scores [(4.9±0.9) points, (4.6±0.9)points, (4.6±0.9)points, P<0.05] was significantly higher than type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ ( P<0.05). Type Ⅲ and Ⅳ had higher residual urine than type Ⅱ[(121.3±96.4)ml, (121.3±96.4)ml vs.(71.2±73.5)ml, P<0.05]. Type Ⅳ’s IPSS-S[(10.4±3.1)points vs. (9.1±3.6)points, (9.2±3.3)points, P<0.05], IPSS-V[(14.2±2.9) points vs.(13.5±3.4)points, (14.0±3.5)points, P<0.05], the frequency of nocturia[(3.8±1.9)times vs.(3.2±1.8)times, (3.2±1.6)times, P<0.05] was significantly higher than that of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ, and the quality of life score was higher than type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ[(4.3±0.8)points vs.(4.7±0.9)points, (4.6±0.9)points, P<0.05]. type Ⅱ and type Ⅳ’s bladder compliance[(21.4±24.2)ml/cmH 2O, (11.0±11.4)ml/cmH 2O vs.(33.9±23.7)ml/cmH 2O, (33.1±32.7)ml/cmH 2O, P<0.05], maximum bladder capacity[(221.4±80.8)ml, (242.3±103.4)ml vs.(332.6±83.2)ml, (286.7±108.2)ml, P<0.05], functional bladder capacity[(148.5±76.0)ml, (121.2±72.9)ml vs.(215.2±90.0)ml, (154.9±87.2)ml, P<0.05] were significantly less than type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ( P<0.05). From November 2016 to November 2018, 60 middle-aged and elderly male patients with confirmed BPO and TURP were selected, including type Ⅰ( n=17, 28.3%), type Ⅱ ( n=23, 38.3%), and Ⅲ type ( n=11, 18.3%), Ⅳ type( n=9, 15.1%). Type IV patients are significantly older than other types ( P<0.05), bladder compliance is significantly worse than other types( P<0.05), the maximum bladder capacity is smaller than other types( P<0.05). The follow-up started 3 months after the operation. The content of the follow-up included IPSS, IPSS-S, IPSS-V, nocturia frequency, undisturbed sleep time, nocturia quality of life score, and life quality score. Results:The IPSS scores of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ after TURP were significantly improved compared with preoperative(19.8±6.2 vs.3.4±1.8; 21.9±5.2 vs.4.6±2.6; 21.5±6.2 vs.5.7±4.6, P<0.05), type Ⅳ urine storage symptom score (9.1±4.1 vs.4.3±3.7), nocturia frequency(3.6±1.5vs.2.3±1.6), nocturia quality of life score (25.3±6.9 vs.31.4±13.7) Compared with preoperatively, there was no significant improvement( P>0.05). The quality of life score improvement of type Ⅳ patients was significantly lower than that of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ (10.9±9.1 vs.12.2±9.0, 14.4±5.7, 12.7±5.8, P<0.05). The IPSS score of type Ⅳ patients was significantly higher than that of type Ⅰ(7.0±5.8 vs.3.4±1.8), and the nocturia quality of life score was significantly lower than that of each group (31.4±13.7 vs.37.5±4.2, 38.7±3.5, 37.8±3.8, P<0.05). Conclusions:For middle-aged and elderly men with BPO, we divide them into four types based on the results of urodynamic examinations, type Ⅰ(simple BPO), type Ⅱ(BPO combined with DO), type Ⅲ(BPO combined with DU), type Ⅳ(BPO combined with bladder compliance decline). Type Ⅰ patients have the best bladder function, and TURP has the best effect; type Ⅱ has a high symptom score and poor quality of life, and can benefit after TURP; type Ⅲ bladder function is poor, and surgery should be performed as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration of bladder function; type Ⅳ bladder function is the best poor, IPSS score and quality of life score are high, TURP surgery is not effective.