摘要目的 评价雾化吸入利多卡因用于颈髓损伤高位截瘫患者纤维支气管镜(FOB)引导气管插管时表面麻醉的效果.方法 颈椎骨折并发高位截瘫患者64例,随机分为2组(n=32),雾化吸入组:雾化吸入2%利多卡因;喷雾联合环甲膜穿刺组:咽喉部喷雾联合环甲膜穿刺注射2%利多卡因,随后于FOB引导气管插管前15 min,两组均静脉注射咪达唑仑0.01 mg/kg、芬太尼1 μg/kg.FOB引导气管插管期间,评价气管插管条件,监测MAP、HR、ECG及SpO2.结果 与喷雾联合环甲膜穿刺组相比,雾化吸入组气管插管条件满意率和FOB引导气管插管成功率明显提高,心律失常及不良记忆发生率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 颈髓损伤高位截瘫患者雾化吸入2%利多卡因表面麻醉,有助于改善FOB引导气管插管的条件,且降低不良反应的发生.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia with inhaled aerosolized lidocaine during tracheal intubation under the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia. Methods Sixty-four patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 32 each): group Ⅰ aerosol inhalation and group Ⅱ spray and cricothyroid membrane puncture. In group Ⅰ aerosolized 2% lidocaine was inhaled. In group Ⅱ after the pharynx and larynx was sprayed with 2% lidocaine, cricothyroid membrane puncture was performed and then 2% lidocaine 2 ml was injected. Midazolam 0.01 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg were injected iv in both groups 15 min before tracheal intubation guided by FOB. During tracheal intubation guided by FOB, the intubation condition was assessed, and MAP, HR, ECG and SpO2 were monitored. Results The satisfactory rate of intubation condition and success rate of intubation under the guidance of FOB were significantly higher, and the incidences of arrhythmia and bad memory lower in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The topical anesthesia with inhaled aerosolized 2% lidocaine is helpful for improving the FOB-guided tracheal intubation condition, and can reduce the occurrence of adverse effects in patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia.