摘要目的 比较连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞和股神经三合一阻滞用于髋部手术老年病人术后镇痛的效果.方法 择期全麻下行全髋关节置换术或人工股骨头置换术的髋部骨折病人160例,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄70～101岁,体重30～93 kg,采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=80):髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(FIB组)和股神经三合一阻滞组(FNB组).FIB组在超声引导下行髂筋膜间隙阻滞,FNB组在超声引导下行股神经三合一阻滞,注入0.2％罗哌卡因40 ml.术毕FIB组经髂筋膜间隙导管连接镇痛泵行自控镇痛,FNB组经股神经外侧导管连接镇痛泵行自控镇痛,2组均采用0.2％罗哌卡因275ml,背景输注速率5 ml/h,PCA剂量5 ml,锁定时间60 min,持续镇痛至术后72 h,维持VAS评分≤4分.当VAS评分＞4分时,口服或肌肉注射曲马多50～100 mg进行补救镇痛.分别于置管前、首次注药后15 min和术后12h时,对股前区(股神经支配区域)、股外侧区(股外侧皮神经支配区域)和股前区内上部(闭孔神经支配区域)进行温度觉和轻触觉测试,以上任一区域出现温度觉或轻触觉减退为感觉阻滞成功,记录感觉阻滞成功情况.记录术后72 h内补救镇痛情况和病人镇痛满意度.记录术后48 h内神经损伤、恶心呕吐、头晕和心慌等不良事件发生情况.结果 与FIB组比较,FNB组首次注药后15 min和术后12h时股外侧区阻滞成功率降低,术后镇痛补救率升高,病人镇痛满意度降低(P＜0.05),术后恶心呕吐和头晕发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞用于髋部手术老年病人术后镇痛的效果优于连续股神经三合一阻滞.

abstractsObjective To compare the fascia iliaca compartment block versus femoral nerve 3-in-1 block for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.Methods A total of 160 patients with hip fracture,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,aged 70-101 yr,weighing 30-93 kg,scheduled for elective total hip replacement or artificial femoral head replacement under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =80 each) using a random number table:fascia iliaca compartment block group (FIB group) and femoral nerve 3-in-1 block group (FNB group).Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment and 3-in-1 blocks were performed with 0.2％ ropivacaine 40 ml in FIB and FNB groups,respectively.Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with 0.2％ ropivacaine 275 ml was used for postoperative analgesia until 72 h after operation in both groups.The PCA pump was set up with a 5 ml bolus dose,a 60 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 5 ml/h,and the visual analog scale score was maintained≤4.When the visual analog scale score＞4,tramadol 50-100 mg was taken orally or injected intramuscularly for rescue analgesia.Before implanting the catheter,at 15 min after the initial administration and at 12 h after operation,temperature sensation and light touch sensation tests were performed in the anterior regions of thigh (innervated by femoral nerve),lateral region of thigh (innervated by lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) and superior part of the anterior region of thigh (innervated by obturator nerve).Successful sensory block was defined as the occurrence of a decline in temperature sensation or in light touch sensation in any area,and the successful sensory block was recorded.The requirement for rescue analgesia and patient's satisfaction with analgesia were recorded within 72 h after operation.The development of adverse reactions such as nerve damage,nausea and vomiting,dizziness and palpitation was also recorded within 48 h after operation.Results Compared with group FIB,the rate of successful analgesia in lateral thigh area was significantly decreased at 15 min after the initial adminstration and 12 h after operation,the requirement for rescue analgesia after operation was increased,the rate of satisfactory analgesia after operation was decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or dizziness in group FNB (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided continuous fascia iliaca compartment block provides better efficacy for postoperative analgesia than 3-in-1 block in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.