摘要骨髓脂肪组织(MAT)是由脂肪细胞在骨髓腔内累积所形成.以前认为MAT的功能主要在于填充骨髓腔起机械性支撑作用.但随着近年来的深入研究,发现MAT可能是一个新的内分泌"器官".骨髓脂肪细胞(BMA)通过自分泌和旁分泌的方式,分泌脂联素,瘦素以及白细胞介素6等一系列细胞因子,在骨髓局部和全身整体代谢中均发挥着调节作用.MAT的生物学特征与白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue,WAT)和棕色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)既有部分类似,又有明显差异,是一种特殊的脂肪组织.MAT还参与血液系统疾病,代谢性疾病以及退行性疾病的发生发展并影响其转归,可能是相关疾病的辅助诊断依据及治疗靶点.本文就MAT自身的生物学特点,MAT与WAT及BAT之间的联系与差异, MAT与上述疾病的关系进行梳理.旨在通过对MAT的深入理解,探索新的研究方向.

abstractsBone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is formed by the accumulation of adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. Previously, the function of MAT is mainly considered to be filled with bone marrow cavity for the mechanical support. However,with the in-depth study of MAT,it has been gradually understood that MAT is not only a part of the bone marrow microenvironment,may also be a new endocrine "organ". The main component of bone marrow adipocytes(BMA) plays a regulatory role in bone marrow and systemic metabolism through the autocrine and paracrine secretion of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, and a series of cytokines. Though its biological characteristics are somewhat similar with white fat adipose tissue(WAT) and brown adipose tissue(BAT),there are some significant differences,so MAT is thought to be a special adipose tissue. MAT is also involved in the development of hematological diseases,metabolic diseases,degenerative diseases,and may affect their outcomes. MAT may be the auxiliary diagnostic criteria and treatment targets of such diseases. This article will review the MAT's own biological characteristics,the differences and associations among three types of adipose tissue and the link between MAT and the diseases,which aims to explore the new research direction through the profound understanding of MAT.