摘要目的：观察长期高脂饮食对小鼠皮肤创面愈合的影响并初步探讨其相关机制。方法10周龄C57BL/6J 野生型小鼠16只，随机分为2组，每组8只，分别采用高脂及普通膳食喂养8周后，在小鼠背部建立全层皮肤缺损模型。每日对创面愈合状况进行观察，记录创面愈合率及上皮化水平。于术后第14天处死所有小鼠并切取创面组织进行组织学检测，比较两组创面新生表皮厚度、创面床内胶原沉积率、新生血管数目、细胞增殖及炎症细胞浸润水平。喂养前、喂养8周后及手术后第14天检测体重。术后第14天禁食12 h 后检测外周血总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）水平。采用 t 检验进行统计学分析。结果高脂膳食组在高脂喂养8周后及手术后第14天平均体重[分别为（27.3±0.7）g 和（28.8±0.7）g]显著高于普通膳食组[分别为（21.2±0.6）g 和（23.1±1.1）g]，两组比较，t 值分别为21.98和25.22，均 P <0.001。术后第14天，高脂膳食组 TG 及 TC 水平[分别为（1.35±0.32）mmol/L 和（4.21±0.41）mmol/L]远高于普通膳食组[分别为（0.99±0.28）mmol/L 和（2.71±0.31）mmol/L,两组比较，t 值分别为2.24和6.49，均 P <0.05]；高脂膳食组创面愈合时间明显慢于普通膳食组[分别为（13.5±0.5）d 和（12.6±1.1）d，t =1.99，P <0.05]，创面新生表皮薄于普通膳食组[分别为（47.8±13.8）μm 和（95.7±13.7）μm，t =5.68，P <0.001]，CD31阳性血管数低于普通膳食组[分别为（8±1）个和（13±3）个， t =4.1，P <0.001]，ki-67阳性细胞数目低于普通膳食组[分别为（21±4）个和（49±10）个，t =3.33，P <0.001]，但巨噬细胞及肥大细胞浸润水平明显高于普通膳食组（均 P <0.05），各组创面床内胶原沉积率差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论长期高脂饮食会影响小鼠创面的愈合，延缓皮肤创面修复。

abstractsObjective To evaluate the effects of long-term high-fat diet on skin wound repair in mice, and to explore its related mechanism. Methods A total of 16 ten-week-old C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly and equally divided into two groups to be fed a high-fat diet(HFD group)and a standard diet(SD group)respectively for 8 weeks. Then, an 8-mm full-thickness skin wound was created on the back of each mouse by using a biopsy punch. The degree of wound healing was observed, wound healing rate and epithelialization level were evaluated every day. The weight of mice was measured before feeding, after 8-week feeding and on day 14 after the operation. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from these mice for the determination of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)levels after a 12-hour fast on day 14 after the operation. Then, all the mice were sacrificed, and wound tissues were resected from the dorsal skin of mice for a histological study. The two-sample t test was used to compare the thickness of new epidermis in the wound surface, collagen deposition rate in the wound bed, count of new vessels, levels of cell proliferation and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration between the two groups. Results The average weight of mice was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the SD group after 8-week feeding(27.3 ± 0.7 g vs. 21.2 ± 0.6 g, t = 21.98, P < 0.001)and on day 14 after the operation (28.8 ± 0.7 g vs. 23.1 ± 1.1 g, t = 25.22, P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the levels of TC(1.35 ± 0.32 mmol/L vs. 0.99 ± 0.28 mmol/L, t = 2.24, P < 0.05)and TG(4.21 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs. 2.71 ± 0.31 mmol/L, t = 6.49, P < 0.05)in the HFD group compared with the SD group 14 days after the operation. Compared with the SD group, the HFD group showed shorter healing time (13.5 ± 0.5 days vs. 12.6 ± 1.1 days, t = 1.99, P < 0.05), lower thickness of newborn epidermis on the wound surface (47.8 ± 13.8 μm vs. 95.7 ± 13.7 μm, t = 5.68, P < 0.001), decreased number of CD31-positive vessels(8 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 3, t = 4.1, P < 0.001)and count of ki-67-positive cells(21 ± 4 vs. 49 ± 10, t = 3.33, P < 0.001), but increased count of infiltrating macrophages and mast cells (both P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in collagen deposition rate in the wound bed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Long-term high-fat diet can affect wound healing and delay skin wound repair in mice.