摘要目的 探讨肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的临床特点,首发临床症状、危险因素,提高对PE的认识,降低漏诊率、误诊率.方法 回顾性分析459例完整PE病例的发病趋势、临床表现,病因及诱因.结果 459例PE中男女各有两个年龄发病高峰,女性为20～25岁和60 ～ 70岁,男性为20～30岁和60～ 70岁,但无论男女PE的主要人群集中在40 ～ 65岁.圆形分布统计显示PE发病高峰期为11月30日至次年的4月4日,即冬春两季.呼吸困难、胸闷最为常见占64.04％,肺梗死三联征仅占8.50％.诱因中手术、创伤和骨折占44.88％,肿瘤占13.0％.下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)较易累及的部位依次是肌间静脉丛、股腘静脉、髂静脉、胫腓静脉、外周浅静脉.结论 PE的发生具有明显的年龄、季节集中趋势.临床症状多样且少有特异性.创伤和肿瘤为常见诱因.

abstractsObjective To investigate pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical characteristics, the first clinical symptoms, and risk factors.Methods Incidence trends, clinical manifestations, etiology and inducing factors of 459 PE cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results For women the two peak period of PE incidence are 20-25 years of age and 60-70 years of age, for men are 20-30 years and 60-70 years;For both men and women PE incidence is peaked at 40-65 years of age.Circular distribution statistics showed the peak incidence of PE falls from November 30 through April 4, roughly in seasons of winter and spring.Dyspnea, chest distress, were among the most common symptoms (64.04％).Pulmonary infarction trilogy accounted for only 8.50％.Surgery, trauma, fracture were the primary causes for PE (44.88％), with tumor accounting for 13.0％.The veins affected by DVT are plexus venosus leg muscle, femora popliteal vein, iliac veins, tibial and peroneal veins.Conclusions The incidence of PE has obvious central tendency of age, season.Clinical symptoms are varied and non-specific.Surgery, trauma and fractures are the primary cause of PE, tumor is an independent risk factor for PE.