摘要目的 探讨肾移植术后早期抗体介导的排斥反应(AMR)的临床特点和治疗.方法 回顾分析3例肾移植及1例肾移植术后胰腺移植后早期发生AMR受者的临床资料.(1)病例1诊断为早期重度急性AMR,术后第8天开始出现血肌酐水平持续上升,且尿量迅速减少,移植肾血流减少;术后第12天群体反应性抗体(PRA)Ⅰ类为74.6％,Ⅱ类为2.7％.术后第14天行移植肾穿刺活检显示移植肾广泛缺血和局部出血,同时检测DSA结果显示抗B62平均荧光强度(MFI)为6 800.(2)病例2诊断为早期轻度急性AMR,术后第13天复查PRAⅠ类为65.6％,Ⅱ类为78.9％,DSAⅠ为阳性,抗A11 MFI为3 059,DSAⅡ为阴性,术后第21天时行移植肾穿刺活检显示轻度缺血再灌注损伤表现.(3)病例3诊断为早期重度慢性AMR,受者因Ⅰ型糖尿病、尿毒症先后接受肾移植和胰腺移植,胰腺移植后8个月时,检测针对胰腺供者DSA为阳性,抗A2 MFI为7 514,抗B46 MFI为3 159,抗DQ7 MFI为1 503.(4)病例4诊断为早期混合性排斥反应,术后第8天出现血肌酐升高,术后第14天检测PRA Ⅰ类为3％,Ⅱ类为70％,DSA为阳性,抗DR16 MFI为15 170;术后第16天行移植肾穿刺活检显示移植肾急性混合性排斥反应.结果 病例1和病例3因AMR的诊断和治疗不及时导致移植物功能丧失;病例2和病例4在诊断AMR后,使用血浆置换、丙种球蛋白和硼替佐米等联合治疗后移植肾功能恢复正常.结论 AMR的诊断需要结合移植物功能下降、DSA阳性以及移植物活检病理表现进行综合判断.早期诊断、早期治疗以及联合治疗可以提高AMR的治愈率.

abstractsObjective To investigate the clinical characteristics and strategies of early stage antibody-mediated rejection after renal transplantation.Method The clinical data of early stage AMR of 3 cases of renal transplantation,and 1 case of pancreas transplantation after renal transplantation were retrospectively analyzed.(1) The case 1 was diagnosed as having early severe acute AMR.Serum creatinine was increased,urine volume rapidly reduced,the blood flow of transplanted kidney reduced on the postoperative day 8;the positive rate of panel reactive antibody (PRA) class Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 74.6％,and 2.7％ respectively on the postoperative day 12.Biopsy showed widely ischemia and local bleeding in transplanted kidney and DSA showed anti-B62 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) increased to 6800 on the postoperative day 14.(2) The case 2 was diagnosed as having early mild acute AMR.The positive rate of PRA class [and Ⅱ was 65.6％ and 78.9％ respectively.DSA Ⅰ was positive,anti A11 MFI was 3059,and DSA Ⅱ was negative on the postoperative day 13.Biopsy showed mild ischemia reperfusion injury in transplanted kidney on the postoperative day 21.(3) The case 3 was diagnosed as having early severe chronic AMR,and the recipient received pancreas transplantation 1 year after kidney transplantation.Eight months after pancreas transplantation,DSA for pancreas donor was detectable,anti A2 MFI was 7514,anti B46 MFI was 3 159 and anti DQ7 MFI was 1 503.(4) The case 4 was diagnosed as having early mixed rejection.Serum creatinine was elevated on the postoperative day 8;PRA testing showed that the positive rate of class Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 3％ and 70％ respectively,DSA was positive,and anti DR16 MFI was 15 170 on the postoperative day 14;transplanted kidney biopsy showed acute mixed rejection on the postoperative day 16.Result Case 1 and case 3 were not diagnosed and treated in time and graft loss developed.Case 2 and case 4 were functionally recovered after combined treatment of plasmapheresis,IVIG and bortezomib.Conclusion Diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection is based on transplant graft dysfunction,positive DSA and graft biopsy.Early diagnosis,early treatment and combined therapy can improve the curative rate of AMR.