摘要目的:分析并探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后中枢神经系统并发症(CNSC)的临床特征、影响因素及其对预后的影响。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2018年10月237例allo-HSCT的临床资料。结果:237例受者中，CNSC发生率为10.5 %(25/237)，发生时间中位数为移植后82 d(-4～810 d)。CNSC原因分别为药物相关性脑病6例，CNS感染5例，不明原因抽搐4例，代谢性脑病3例，免疫相关性脑病3例，原发病中枢复发3例，以及脑血管疾病1例。最常见的临床症状为癫痫发作，共11例。CsA相关性脑病头颅磁共振检查主要表现为可逆性后部脑病综合征；代谢性脑病主要为脱髓鞘改变；海马区病变多为免疫相关性脑病或CNS感染所致。脐血移植、HLA不全相合移植及血小板植入延迟是发生CNSC的高危因素。在恶性血液病受者中，CNSC组非复发死亡率为42.9 %(9/21)高于无CNSC组的15.3 %(27/176)( χ2＝9.511， P＝0.005)。CNSC组移植后1、3年总体存活率(OS)均低于无CNSC组(56.6 %比77.8 %、37.1 %比65.7 %， P＝0.022)。 结论:CNSC是allo-HSCT后严重并发症之一，病因复杂，导致受者OS显著降低。脐血移植、HLA不全相合移植及血小板植入延迟是移植后发生CNSC的高危因素。

abstractsObjective:To explore the incidence rates, clinical features, risk factors and its impacts on survival of central nervous system complications (CNSC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:From June 2011 to October 2018, 237 consecutive patients undergoing allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The incidence of CNSC was 10.5%(25/237) and the median time 82(-4 - 810) days post-transplantation. The most common instances of CNSC were drug-associated encephalopathy (n=6), CNS infection (n=5), unexplained convulsions (n=4), metabolic encephalopathy (n=3), immune-related encephalopathy (n=3), primary central relapse (n=3) and cerebrovasculopathy (n=1). The most common clinical symptom was epileptic seizure (n=11). CsA-related encephalopathy was manifested mainly as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome on brain MRI. Metabolic encephalopathy is mostly demyelination. Most hippocampal lesions were caused by immune-related encephalopathy or CNS infection. Analysis of risk factors indicated that umbilical cord blood transplantation, HLA incompatible transplantation and delayed platelet implantation were high risk factors for post-transplantation occurrence of CNSC. Survival analysis suggested that non-relapse mortality rate (42.9%, 9/21) in group with CNSC of malignant hemoblastosis was higher than that in group without CNSC (15.3%, 27/176) and inter-group difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.511, P=0.005). The 1/3-year OS rates in group with CNSC were lower than those in group without CNSC (56.6% vs 77.8%; 37.1% vs 65.7%). And the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.022). Conclusions:With a complex etiology, CNSC is one of serious complications after allo-HSCT and it significantly reduces the overall survival rate of patients. Umbilical cord blood transplantation, HLA incompatible transplantation and delayed platelet implantation are high-risk groups for CNSC.