摘要抗体相关的中枢神经系统(CNS)自身免疫性疾病是神经免疫领域的重要前沿.感染是神经免疫性疾病的重要诱因.CNS病毒性感染(包括单纯疱疹病毒脑炎与乙型脑炎等)也可以诱发抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎,并表现为“双峰样”的脑炎病程.致病性抗神经抗体兼具特异性诊断标志物的性质,使得新的疾病实体得以确立,但尚有诸多新抗体的致病性与临床意义有待评估.当临床面对抗体叠加病例以及抗体阴性病例的困惑时,应参考相关诊断标准与诊疗建议.

abstractsAntibody-related central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases are a frontier of neuroimmunology.CNS viral infections including herpes simplex encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis can induce anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor encephalitis with a double-peak presentation.Pathogenic antibody is the specific diagnostic biomarker which renders the establishment of new autoimmune entities.However,the pathogenicity and clinical relevance of some new antibodies need further evaluation.The challenge from cases with overlapping antibodies or antibody-negative limbic encephalitis can be solved with the reference to the diagnostic criteria and recommendation.