摘要多发性硬化（MS）是一种免疫介导的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病，其病变具有时间多发与空间多发的特征。在过去的10年中，MS在流行病学、病理学、疾病活动与进展等领域的相关研究推动了该病临床分型、诊断标准、治疗目标的更新，新的疾病修正治疗药物也为治疗策略提供了更多选择。中华医学会神经病学分会神经免疫学组通过查询和评价现有研究证据、参考国际共识和指南、结合国情、反复讨论，对中国MS患者提出了诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗的原则以及具体建议。

abstractsMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. In the past 10 years, research in the fields of epidemiology, pathology, disease activity, and progression has driven updates in clinical classification, diagnostic criteria, and treatment goals, providing more choices with new disease-modifying therapies. The Chinese Society of Neuroimmunology has proposed diagnostic, differential diagnostic, treatment principles, and specific recommendations for MS in China through querying and evaluating existing research evidence, referencing international consensus and guidelines, considering the national situation, and repeated discussions.