摘要神经梅毒是梅毒螺旋体侵袭中枢神经系统并造成脑实质、脑（脊）膜或脊髓不同程度损害导致的一组临床综合征。树胶肿型神经梅毒是神经梅毒中最罕见的类型，其临床表现缺乏特异性，影像学上易与其他颅内占位性病变混淆。文中报道1例出现认知功能障碍、颅内高压症状、影像学表现类似多中心胶质瘤的患者，经血清学、脑脊液化验及脑组织病理学检查等最终被确诊为树胶肿型神经梅毒，经规范青霉素驱梅治疗后患者症状基本消失。本病例报道旨在提高临床医生对树胶肿型神经梅毒的认识，以减少漏诊和误诊。

abstractsNeurosyphilis is a group of clinical syndromes caused by treponema pallidum invading the central nervous system and causing varying degrees of damage to the brain parenchyma, brain (spinal) membrane or spinal cord. Cerebral syphilitic gumma is the rarest form of neurosyphilis, and its clinical manifestations lack specificity, which is easily confused with other intracranial space occupying lesions on imaging. In this article, a patient with cognitive dysfunction, intracranial hypertension, and imaging findings similar to multicentric glioma was diagnosed as cerebral syphilitic gumma by serology, cerebrospinal fluid test and brain histopathology. The symptoms basically disappeared after treatment with standard penicillin. This report aims to raise awareness of cerebral syphilitic gumma in order to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.