摘要Postoperative delirium is a common acute confusion state that frequently occurs in patients following surgery.It is characterized by fluctuating con-sciousness,inattention,disorganized thinking,and altered level of consciousness.Postoperative delirium leads to cognitive decline and dementia,increases the risk of post-operative complications and mortality,and reduces pa-tients'quality of life.Since the pathogenesis of postopera-tive delirium is unclear and there is no effective treatment,early diagnosis and early intervention are key to prevent-ing and treating postoperative delirium.Currently,the prevention of postoperative delirium is mainly based on non-pharmacological prevention and treatment,whereas some drugs are gradually starting to be used.In the future,efforts are needed to clarify the effect of treatment and to guide the development of a series of more effective and rational delirium treatment strategies adapted to specific national context.