摘要Objective:To systematically review the etiology of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) infarction. Methods:A systematic literature search up to May 11,2024,for AChA infarction with its etiology. Epidemiologic and clinical data of patients,anatomic distribution of the lesions,and etiologic classification of AChA infarction were extracted. Results:A total of 1007 individual patient data was included (967 from retrospective clinical studies and 40 from case reports). Among the clinical research,pa-tients' mean age was 64.7. There were 62.24％ of male and 37.76％ of female patients. Hypertension (66.04％) was the most common risk factor for patients with AChA infarc-tion. Dyslipidemia (32.92％),diabetes mellitus (30.93％),and smoking (26.54％) were also common risk factors. Moreover,the posterior limb of the internal capsule was the most frequently affected structure. Undetermined etiology (n=173,38.02％),according to the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) etiological clas-sification,was the most common etiology,followed by small vessel disease (n=117,25.71％),large artery athero-sclerosis (n=84,18.46％),and cardioembolism (n=63,13.85％). Furthermore,eighteen strokes were caused by other determined etiologies (3.96％). Conclusions:Unde-termined etiology was the most common etiology of AChA infarction. Hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and smoking were common risk factors for patients with AChA infarction. It is necessary to prevent the risk factors.