摘要目的:探讨我国头部外伤的基本特征，为其防控提供依据。方法:收集2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日全国伤害监测系统(NISS)中的头部外伤病例数据，分析头部外伤患者的社会人口学特征、伤害事件的基本特征及临床特征。结果:2016—2019年，NISS急诊或门诊首诊病例中，27.14%(1 503 196/5 537 821)为头部外伤病例；<1岁的患儿中，头部外伤者占该年龄段伤害病例的53.93%(9 668/17 927)。急诊或门诊头部外伤病例中的90.42%(1 359 210/1 503 196)因非故意伤害导致，主要致伤原因为跌倒或坠落(589 830例，39.24%)、钝器伤(320 483例，21.32%)和道路交通伤(273 349例，18.18%)。急诊或门诊头部外伤中，10.67%(160 436/1 503 196)的患者表现为脑震荡或脑挫裂伤。2016—2019年期间，NISS每年急诊或门诊伤害病例中，头部外伤病例的占比自27.81%(349 978/1 258 658)降至25.92%(414 262/1 598 413)；所有头部外伤病例中，1~17岁[由24.88%(87 065/349 978)升至28.90%(119 707/414 262)]和60岁及以上病例[由11.84%(41 437/349 978)升至13.26%(54 947/414 262)]占比有所升高。结论:儿童和老年人是目前我国头部外伤病例中的重点人群，跌倒、坠落和道路交通伤害是我国人群头部外伤的主要致伤原因，儿童坠落、老年人跌倒和道路交通伤害预防应成为头部外伤防控的重点。

abstractsObjective:To explore the basic characteristic of traumatic head injuries in China from 2016 to 2019 and to provide basis for its prevention and control.Methods:Data of head trauma cases from 256 hospitals in the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 were collected, and the sociodemographic characteristics, basic characteristics and clinical characteristics of head trauma patients were analyzed.Results:From 2016 to 2019, 27.14% (1 503 196/5 537 821) of the first-visit cases in NISS emergency department or outpatient clinic were head trauma cases. Among children under 1 year old, head trauma accounted for 53.93% (9 668/17 927) of NISS emergency or outpatient injury cases. Among emergency or outpatient head trauma cases, 90.42% (1 359 210/1 503 196) of those were caused by unintentional injuries, and the top causes of head injuries were falling (589 830, 39.24%), blunt injury (320 483, 21.32%) and road traffic injury (273 349, 18.18%). Among emergency or outpatient head trauma cases, 10.67% (160 436/1 503 196) of the patients presented with concussion or cerebral contusion. From 2016 to 2019, the annual proportion of head trauma cases decreased from 27.81% (349 978/1 258 658) to 25.92% (414 262/1 598 413) of NISS emergency or outpatient injury cases. The proportion of cases aged 1-17 years[from 24.88%(87 065/349 978) to 28.90%(119 707/414 262)] and those aged 60 and above [from 11.84%(41 437/349 978) to 13.26%(54 947/414 262)] increased.Conclusions:Children and the elderly are the key groups of head trauma cases in China. Falls and road traffic injuries are the main causes of head trauma in China. The prevention of falls of children and the elderly as well as road traffic injuries should be the focus of head trauma prevention and control.