摘要目的 对海上环境下海水浸泡复合型颅脑火器伤提出有效的治疗方法,并探讨其治疗效果.方法 成年健康杂种犬60只制作成复合型颅脑火器伤动物模型,包括颅脑枪弹伤、胸腹部开放伤、四肢伤、烧伤,致伤后海水浸泡30min.按随机数字表法将其分为常规治疗组(对照组)和综合治疗组(治疗组),每组各30只.对照组采用常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加温低张液体、β-七叶皂甙钠、盐酸纳洛酮、左氧氟沙星和复温等综合治疗,并对两组动物进行经颅多普勒超声、动脉血气分析、血浆渗透压检测、颅内压监测和疗效比较.结果 治疗3 h后治疗组脑血管痉挛发生率低,经颅多普勒超声显示血流速度接近正常;12 h后治疗组血浆渗透压、代谢性酸中毒各项指标达到正常水平;24 h后治疗组颅内压明显下降.治疗组与对照组治疗后7 d动物存活率分别为70%和53%.治疗组各项指标都明显优于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 早期温低张液体对复温、降低血浆透渗压、纠正电解质平衡、提高生存率有重要的意义,纳洛酮具有脑保护作用,β-七叶皂甙钠可减缓脑水肿的进程,降低颅内压和改善脑组织氧代谢;综合治疗对海水浸泡复合型颅脑火器伤具有显著疗效.

abstractsObjective To investigate the effective treatments of combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound in dogs immersed by seawater under maritime environment. Methods Models of combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound, including craniocerebral gunshot wound,open chest injury, open abdominal injury, open trauma of extremities and burn injury, were established in 60 healthy adult mongrel dogs. Animal models after being wounded were immersed by the seawater for 30 min, and then, they were equally randomized into conventional treatment group and comprehensive treatment group; 30 dogs in the conventional treatment group were given routine treatment and the other 30 dogs in the comprehensive treatment group were given lukewarm glucose liquid, β-aescin, naloxone hydrochloride, levofloxacin and re-warming treatments besides the conventional treatment. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, blood gas analysis, measurement of plasma osmotic pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were performed on the dogs of the 2 groups; and the treatment efficacy of the 2groups were compared. Results Low incidence rate of brain vasospasm was noted and TCD indicated that blood flow speed approached normal in the comprehensive treatment group 3 h after the treatment.The plasma osmotic pressure and the indicators of metabolic acidosis reached normal levels in the comprehensive treatment group 12 h after the treatment. The ICP significantly decreased in the comprehensive treatment group 24 h after the treatment. Survival rate in the comprehensive treatment group (70%) was significantly higher as compared with that in the conventional treatment group (53%)7 d after the treatment (P＜0.05). All the indexes in the comprehensive treatment group were better than those in the conventional treatment group (P＜0.05) Conclusion Early infusion of lukewarm hypotonic solution can significantly reduce the osmotic pressure, correct the electrolyte balance, help the re-warming and prolong the survival rate. Naloxone possesses protective effect on brain. The β-aescine sodium can diminish viscosity, slow down brain edema progress, obviously reduce ICP and improve brain tissue oxygen metabolism. In a word, comprehensive treatment in effective in treating combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound.