摘要目的观察肩胛背神经的局部解剖、分析肩胛背神经被卡压的因素及其治疗方法。方法对30具60侧陈旧性成人尸体进行解剖学观察，观察肩胛背神经的起点、行径及与周边的关系。分析32例肩胛背神经卡压征的治疗方法及随访结果。结果肩胛背神经的起始段常和胸长神经合干，由前内侧向后外侧从中斜角肌中穿过，此处常有腱性组织包绕，与胸长神经分开走行后，发出分支至肩胛部和腋下。32例中均作保守治疗，23例24侧疗效较好。7例8侧保守治疗无效，改作手术治疗，术后随访3个月至2年，症状完全或基本解除。结论肩胛背神经卡压大部分包括于胸廓出口综合征中，但也可以单独出现。治疗以局部封闭为首选，症状严重者可考虑手术治疗。

abstractsObjective To observe topography of dorsal scapular nerve andanalyze contributing factors for compression of dorsal scapular nerve and its treatment. Methods 60 sides in 30 cases of old adult cadavers were involved .Anatomical observation showed the origin, course of dorsal scapular nerve and its relationship with its surrounding structures. The treatment strategy and its follow - up result was assessed in dorsal scapular nerve compression in 32 cases. Results The dorsal scapular nerve arisen from the common trunk of long thoracic nerve, coursed across medium scalenus muscle from anteromedial aspect to posteriolateral aspect where there was wrapping of tendinous tissue .When it entered away from long thoracic nerve ,it sent branches into scapular area and inferior aspect of axillary. Of all 32 cases with conservative treatment, good effect was achieved in 23 cases (24 sides). Surgical treatment was done in 8 sides (7 cases) after inefficaly of conservative treatment. Follow - up ranged from 3 months to 2 years .The symptoms were completely or almost disappeared. Conclusions Most of dorsal scapular nerve compression was included in thoracic outlet syndrome. It may also present alone. Treatment of choice was local block. When serious symptoms occurred, surgical treatment should be considered.