摘要目的:为了掌握宁夏银川市和吴忠市蚊虫种类及其携带的重要蚊媒病毒状况，明确当地的优势蚊种和病毒种类，并解析其遗传特性，为预测和防控蚊媒传染病提供科学依据。方法:采用诱蚊灯法在宁夏回族自治区银川市和吴忠市部分县市区进行蚊虫采集，对采集的蚊虫进行分类鉴定。利用荧光定量PCR法检测蚊虫携带的乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus, JEV)、西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus, WNV)、基孔肯亚病毒(Chikungunya virus, CHIKV)和辛德毕斯病毒(Sindbis virus, SINV)情况，对阳性标本进行全基因组测序，并通过生物信息学方法构建病毒株的系统进化树。结果:2023年6～8月，在宁夏银川市和吴忠市部分县市区共采集蚊虫3属6种共8 561只，其中淡色库蚊为优势蚊种共3 050只，占比35.63%；中华按蚊2 379只，占比27.79%；三带喙库蚊1 489只，占比17.39%，里海伊蚊1 468只，占比17.15%；刺扰伊蚊152只，占比1.78%；凶小库蚊23只，占比0.27%。在青铜峡市采集的三带喙库蚊标本中检出基因Ⅰ型JEV(GIb型)，其他检测结果均阴性。结论:宁夏调查地区的优势蚊种以淡色库蚊为主，且在青铜峡市三带喙库蚊中检出了JEV GIb型病毒。本研究为了解宁夏调查地区的蚊虫及蚊媒病毒现状提供了基础数据，并对进一步的公共卫生防治措施提供了科学指导。

abstractsObjective:To understand the species of mosquitoes and the status of important mosquito-borne viruses in the Ningxia surveyed regions, to identify the dominant mosquito species and virus types, and to analyze their genetic characteristics, providing a scientific basis for predicting and controlling mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Methods:Mosquitoes were collected using light traps in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the collected mosquitoes were classified and identified. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV) carried by mosquitoes. The positive sample was subjected to sequencing the whole genome, and the phylogenetic tree of virus strains was constructed using bioinformatics methods.Results:From June to August 2023, a total of 8 561 mosquitoes of 3 genera and 6 species were collected in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities, Ningxia, among which Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species with 3 050 individuals, accounting for 35.63%; Anopheles sinensis with 2 379 individuals, accounting for 27.79%; Culex tritaeniorhynchus with 1 489 individuals, accounting for 17.39%; Caspian Aedes with 1 468 individuals, accounting for 27.79%; Aedes vexans with 152 individuals, accounting for 1.78%; and Culex modestus with 23 individuals, accounting for 0.27%. JEV GIb type was detected in the specimens of Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected in Qingtongxia city. Conclusions:The dominant mosquito species in the surveyed areas of Ningxia are primarily Culex pipiens pallens, and JEV GIb virus was detected in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Qingtongxia city. This study provides basic data for understanding the current status of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the Ningxia region and offers scientific guidance for further public health prevention and control measures.