摘要普外科手术是最常见的手术之一，其术后不良结局主要集中在一部分高危患者。风险评估工具可以识别出这部分高危患者，为后续的临床干预和资源配置提供参考。目前存在多种评估工具，且具有各自的优缺点，充分了解这些工具是临床应用的前提。通过回顾目前一般常用评估工具、针对急诊普外患者的评估工具和机器学习方法在评估工具上的应用，阐明风险评估工具的基本特征、应用现状和发展趋势。

abstractsGeneral surgery is a common surgical operation, and its postoperative adverse outcomes are mainly concentrated in some high-risk patients. Risk assessment tools can identify these high-risk patients and provide reference for subsequent clinical intervention and resource allocation. At present, there are a variety of assessment tools with their own advantages and disadvantages. A full understanding of these tools is a prerequisite for clinical application. By reviewing the commonly used assessment tools, assessment tools for patients undergoing emergency general surgery and machine learning methods in assessment tools, the basic characteristics, application status and development trends of risk assessment tools are clarified.