摘要椎间盘退行性变是导致下腰痛的主要原因，但是常规的保守和手术治疗均无法从根本上逆转或修复退变的椎间盘组织。近年来，人们开始探索将干细胞植入到退变的椎间盘中以达到再生修复效果，其中脂肪间充质干细胞是一种理想的细胞来源。由于椎间盘是无血管组织，其内部微环境具有缺氧、营养不良、高渗透压、酸性pH、机械应力负荷、炎性细胞因子蓄积和某些基质金属蛋白酶升高的特点，本文分析总结这些微环境因素对植入的脂肪间充质干细胞活力、增殖和细胞外基质合成代谢等生物学行为产生不同的影响，为未来研究利用组织工程技术协助干细胞更好的适应椎间盘微环境及增强其生物学修复效果提供参考。

abstractsIntervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain, but conventional conservative and surgical treatments cannot fundamentally reverse or repair the degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. In recent years, people have begun to explore the implantation of stem cells into degenerated intervertebral discs to achieve regeneration and repair effects. Among them, adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells are an ideal source of cells. Because the intervertebral disc is an avascular tissue, its internal microenvironment has the characteristics of hypoxia, high osmotic pressure, acidic pH, nutrient deficiency, accumulation of inflammatory factors and elevated certain matrix metalloproteinases. This article analyzes and summarizes the different effects of these microenvironmental factors on the biological behaviors of implanted adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells such as vitality, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis and metabolism. It provides a reference for future research to use tissue engineering technology to help stem cells better adapt to the microenvironment of the intervertebral disc and enhance their biological repair effects.