摘要目的:总结和分析临床确诊为肾单位肾痨（nephronophthisis，NPHP）患儿的临床表型及基因型特点，为临床诊断该类罕见遗传性肾脏疾病提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2017年4月至2022年1月于武汉儿童医院肾内科就诊并经过基因检测确诊的9例NPHP患儿的临床资料，对其临床特征和基因检测结果进行分析。结果:9例患儿中，女性5例，男性4例，起病中位年龄为11.2（3.4，14.2）岁。8例患儿存在肾小球性蛋白尿，8例患儿存在肾小管性蛋白尿，7例患儿尿比重降低，所有患儿在确诊时均存在不同程度肾功能受损。确诊时患儿已进入慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）5期7例，CKD 3期1例，CKD 4期1例。所有患儿肾脏超声均存在不同程度异常：肾脏体积改变（3/9）、回声增强（8/9）和囊肿（3/9）。3例患儿存在明显肾外表型。6例为 NPHP1基因突变，其余3例分别为 WDR19、 NPHP3和 NPHP5基因突变。 结论:在NPHP患儿中， NPHP1基因缺失突变最常见，同时也发现 NPHP3、 NPHP5及极其罕见的 WDR19突变。NPHP临床表现不典型，需要寻找比较特异的早期诊断方法。

abstractsObjective:To investigate and analyze the clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children diagnosed with nephronophthisis (NPHP), and to provide references for clinical diagnosis.Methods:Clinical data of 9 children with NPHP diagnosed by genetic testing in the Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Children′s Hospital from April 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected. The clinical characteristics and genetic test results were analyzed.Results:The median onset age was 11.2(3.4, 14.2) years old in 9 patients, including 5 females and 4 males. There were 8 cases of glomerular proteinuria, 8 cases of renal tubular proteinuria, and 7 cases of reduced urinary gravity in 9 patients. All the children had varying degrees of impaired renal function at the time of diagnosis. Seven cases entered chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5, 1 case entered CKD stage 3, and 1 case entered CKD stage 4 at the time of diagnosis. All the children had renal ultrasound abnormalities of varying degrees: size change (3/9), echo enhancement (8/9) and cysts (3/9). Extrarenal phenotypes were present in 3 children. Genetic test showed that 6 patients had mutation of NPHP1 gene, 1 patient had mutation of WDR19 gene, 1 patient had mutation of NPHP3 gene and 1 patient had mutation of NPHP5 gene. Conclusions:Deletion mutation of NPHP1 gene is the most common, while NPHP3, NPHP5 and extremely rare WDR19 mutations have also been found in NPHP patients. The clinical manifestations of NPHP are not typical, so it is necessary to find a specific diagnosis method in the early.